@article {83190, title = {Oregon shellfish farmers: Perceptions of stressors, adaptive strategies, and policy linkages}, journal = {Ocean and Coastal Management}, volume = {234}, number = {106475}, year = {2023}, note = {The demand for oysters in the United States exceeds supply, marking the oyster growing as an industry meriting support. On the west coast, growers must cope with climate change, particularly ocean acidification, as well as regulatory problems and labor shortages. In order to help resource managers help oyster farmers, the authors of this paper went to the growers. In 2022, they conducted detailed interviews with Oregon oyster growers, and their comments abundantly populate this paper. {\textquotedblleft}To expand and enhance United States oyster production, and support domestic food security and livelihoods, a better understanding of the limitations that oyster farmers{\textquoteright} experience, and corresponding pathways forward for adaptation is needed. Through semi-structured interviews conducted with commercial Oregon shellfish farmers, we assess the environmental, economic, social and regulatory stressors impacting oyster growing operations, and the corresponding adaptive strategies employed or envisioned by aquaculture farmers{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). The authors note adaptive strategies oyster growers adopt to cope, and advocate for more targeted outreach to support the oyster growers.}, month = {2023}, pages = {15 p.}, keywords = {aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, bivalves, climate, commercial fisheries {\textendash} shellfish, Coos Bay, economics, environmental law and policy, mollusks, Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, oysters, South Slough, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River estuary, Yaquina Bay}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106475 }, author = {Green, Kristen Marie and Spalding, Ana K. and Ward, Melissa and Levine, Arielle and Wolters, Erika Allen and Hamilton, Sara Luanne and Rice, Lauren} } @mastersthesis {83248, title = {Efficient Topobathymetric Mapping and 3D Spatial Analysis of Estuaries Using Multi-Platform, Multi-Temporal Data}, year = {2022}, note = {Good maps are a necessary part of understanding and tracking environmental changes. Construction, dredging, storms and floods, sedimentation, and other changes should be tracked on a regular basis. Good maps of estuaries, however, can be infrequently created and hard to find. Conventional surveying methods don{\textquoteright}t work underwater, it can be difficult to survey an area from a mudflat, and mapping from the air can be very expensive. In this Master{\textquoteright}s thesis, the author describes a method of mapping estuaries that involves several relatively inexpensive methods, and that can be repeated. {\textquotedblleft}The results indicate that the methods developed in this study can form a cost-effective means of repeat topobathymetric mapping of estuaries at repeat frequencies sufficient to address a range of science needs{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). The major professor was Chris Parrish.}, pages = {75 p.}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Masters Thesis}, edition = {M.S.}, chapter = {School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Civil Engineering}, address = {Corvallis, Or.}, keywords = {bathymetry, Lidar, map, Netarts Bay, remote sensing, Surveying}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/7s75dm108 }, author = {Lambert, Selina E.} } @article {83104, title = {Estimating the value of threatened species abundance dynamics}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Economics and Management}, volume = {113}, number = {102639}, year = {2022}, note = {How much are people willing to pay for marginal increases in abundance of threatened species? This paper looks at the value the public places on Coho salmon. {\textquotedblleft}Results provide direct evidence that conservation activities that achieve immediate abundance gains for a threatened species (or prevent immediate losses) produce significantly higher benefits than activities that gradually achieve the same abundance gains.{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract)}, pages = {15 p.}, keywords = {abundance, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, depleted populations, ecological values, economics, general, Oregon Coast}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2022.102639 }, author = {Lewis, David J. and Kling, David M. and Dundas, Steven J. and Lew, Daniel K.} } @article {83182, title = {A doubled down invasion of the northeast Pacific by the Asian mud shrimp, Upogebia major, and its coevolved bopyrid isopod parasite, Orthione griffenis}, journal = {Aquatic Invasions}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, year = {2021}, note = {The blue mud shrimp, Upogebia pugettensis, is known to be an ecosystem engineer, turning over and re-suspending, and aerating sediments (bioturbation), burrowing, and deposit feeding. The mud shrimp affects organic structure, nutrients, and the grain size of sediments in mudflats. Some of this activity creates difficulties for oyster growers, causing the application of pesticides in oyster growing areas in the 1950s. It may be that the changes in the ecosystem caused by introduced oysters and pesticides opened the doors for subsequent invasions. In 1999, a parasitic isopod was discovered to be infecting the native mud shrimp, and effectively sterilizing the shrimp. A related species, the Asian mud shrimp. Upogebia major, is less susceptible to the parasite, and has begun to fill in spaces formerly occupied by the blue mud shrimp. While this article is concerned with mud shrimp populations in California, the dynamics discussed are relevant to Oregon estuaries. If the ways our estuaries are engineered changes thanks to the double invasion, the way we manage our estuaries will also have to change. This is an open-access article, and it has also been re-printed as no.21-021 in the ORESU-R series.}, month = {2021}, pages = {p.721{\textendash}749}, keywords = {Alsea Bay, Asian mud shrimp Upogebia major, bioturbation, community ecology, Coos Bay, depleted populations, Griffen{\textquoteright}s isopod = Orthione griffensis, introduced species, Mud shrimp = Upogebia pugettensis, natural resource management, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Upogebia macginitieorum, Yaquina Bay}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2021.16.4.09}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/k643b826b }, author = {Chapman, John W. and Li, Jingchun and McGowan, Michael F. and Breitenstein, Ralph A. and Appy, Ralph and Hieb, Kathryn A. and Piotrowski, Christina N. and Elder, Leanne E.} } @article {82621, title = {Climate vulnerability assessment for Pacific salmon and steelhead in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, year = {2019}, note = {This article is a major scientific overview of the vulnerability of Pacific Coast anadromous salmonids to climate change. {\textquotedblleft}Nearly all listing units faced high exposures to projected increases in stream temperature, sea surface temperature, and ocean acidification. . . Anthropogenic factors, especially migration barriers, habitat degradation, and hatchery influence, have reduced the adaptive capacity of most steelhead and salmon populations. Enhancing adaptive capacity is essential to mitigate for the increasing threat of climate change. Collectively, these results provide a framework to support recovery planning that considers climate impacts on the majority of West Coast anadromous salmonids{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). Projections were made about Oregon coast coho salmon.}, pages = {e0217711}, edition = {2019, Jul. 24}, keywords = {Oregon Coast, Pacific salmonids = Oncorhynchus spp., Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, climate change, depleted populations, ecosystem health, endangered species, habitats, hatcheries, human impacts, life history, ocean acidification, water temperatur}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217711 }, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217711 }, author = {Crozier, Lisa G. and McClure, Michelle M. and Beechie, Tim and Bograd, Steven J. and Boughton, David A. and Carr, Mark and Cooney, Thomas D. and Dunham, Jason B. and Greene, Correigh M. and Haltuch, Melissa A. and Hazen, Elliott L. and Holzer, Damon M. and Huff, David O. and Johnson, Rachel C. and Jordan, Chris E. and Kaplan, Isaac C. and Lindley, Steven T. and Mantua, Nathan J. and Moyle, Peter B. and Myers, James M. and Nelson, Mark W. and Spence, Brian C. and Weitkamp, Laurie A. and Williams, Thomas H. and Willis-Norton, Ellen} } @article {82531, title = {Insights into estuary habitat loss in the western United States using a new method for mapping maximum extent of tidal wetlands}, journal = {PLoS One}, volume = {14}, number = {8}, year = {2019}, note = {This article recounts the techniques that led to the production of the 2017 maps to model the effects of sea level rise. The authors used lidar digital elevation models and other elevation models to develop new maps of current and historical wetlands on the United States West Coast. Their work shows that about 85\% of historical wetlands have been lost, with most losses near major river deltas. {\textquotedblleft}The new maps will help interested groups improve action plans for estuarine wetland habitat restoration and conservation, and will also provide a better baseline for understanding and predicting future changes with projected sea level rise{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).}, month = {2019, Aug. 14}, keywords = {climate, habitats, human impacts, salinity, sea level, wetland vegetation, wetlands, remote sensing, mathematical modeling}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218558 }, url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0218558 }, author = {Brophy, Laura S. and Greene, Correigh M. and Hare, Van C. and Holycross, Brett and Lanier, Andy and Heady, Walter N. and O{\textquoteright}Connor, Kevin and Imaki, Hiroo and Haddad, Tanya and Dana, Randy} } @article {82896, title = {Mud in your eye? The potential of Unmanned Aerial Systems as a tool to conduct resource and habitat surveys in Oregon estuaries [abstract]}, journal = {American Fisheries Society. Oregon Chapter. Annual meeting \& symposium}, year = {2019}, note = {Drones (Unmanned Aerial Systems) have proved to be valuable tools for mapping and taking inventory of coastal resources. This abstract of an oral presentation describes how the Oregon Dept. of Fish \& Wildlife (ODFW){\textquoteright}s Shellfish and Estuarine Assessment of Coastal Oregon (SEACOR) project has begun using drones. {\textquotedblleft}The results will highlight the recent collaboration between ODFW and the Career Tech Charter High School (Lincoln City) Coastal Drone Academy utilizing UAS to map the distribution of eelgrass beds in Netarts Bay, Oregon, as an example of how data from UAS surveys can be applied to monitoring and management.{\textquotedblright} From the 55th annual conference, held in Bend, Oregon, March 5-8, 2019. }, pages = {p.30-31}, keywords = {eelgrass = Zostera marina, Netarts Bay, remote sensing}, url = {https://tinyurl.com/tx77a5k }, author = {D{\textquoteright}Andrea, Anthony and Perotti, Elizabeth and Lawes, Timothy and Getter, Chuck} } @article {82856, title = {Genetic by environment interactions for harvest traits of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) across different environments on the West Coast, USA}, journal = {Journal of Shellfish Research}, volume = {37}, number = {1}, year = {2018}, note = {Oyster growers in the Pacific Northwest operate under a wide range of environmental conditions, from the sedate waters of Puget Sound to the dynamic coastal seas. How can Pacific oysters be bred to increase yields in such different conditions? This article describes a study of oysters grown in nine different test localities, describes the test results and outlines a strategy for increasing yield while maintaining genetic diversity.}, month = {2018, Apr.}, pages = {p.49-61}, keywords = {aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, bivalves, Dabob Bay (Wa.), genetics, hypoxia, Molluscan Broodstock Program, molluscs, Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, Oyster Bay (Wa.), Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, salinity, Sequim Bay (Wa.), Thorndyke Bay (Wa.), Totten Inlet (Wa.), Westcott Bay (Wa.), Willapa Bay (Wa.), Yaquina Bay}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.2983/035.037.0104 }, author = {RodriguesDeMelo, Claudio Manoel and Morvezen, Romain and Durland, Evan and Langdon, Christopher J.} } @article {80456, title = {Characterizing fisheries connectivity in marine social-ecological systems}, journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science}, volume = {74}, year = {2017}, note = {How do fishers adapt to changes in ecosystems and/or fisheries management? They can change the area where they fish. They can find other income sources or leave fishing. Or they can change the areas into which they put their energy by diversifying and working multiple fisheries. West Coast fishers tend to be resilient generalists, able to switch from one fishery to another as the need arises, and cope with different management regimes. Interlinked networks of potential fisheries constitute {\textquotedblleft}fisheries connectivity,{\textquotedblright} and are the subject of this article. The authors analyze networks of multiple fisheries in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem in 2009-2010. They calculate the relative importance of particular fisheries, and model fisheries networks and vulnerability to change in different communities. On the West Coast, either the Dungeness crab or the spiny lobster fisheries were the most important. The authors point out that species unconnected by food webs may be linked due to fisheries connectivity, and that understanding these relationships will be an important part of future resource management. }, pages = {p.2087-2096}, keywords = {Astoria (Or.), Garibaldi (Or.), Netarts Bay, Nehalem Bay, Siletz Bay, Newport (Or.), Depoe Bay, Alsea Bay, Florence (Or.), Winchester Bay, Charleston (Or.), Bandon, (Or.), economics, natural resource management, mathematical modeling, commercial fisheri}, doi = {doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsx128}, author = {Fuller, Emma C. and Sambouri, Jameal F. and Stoll, Joshua S. and Levin, Simon A. and Watson, James R.} } @article {77376, title = {Our corrosive oceans: exploring regulatory responses and a possible role for tribes}, journal = {Washington Law Review}, volume = {91}, year = {2016}, note = {This article begins with a description of the 2007 die-off of millions of oyster larvae at the Whiskey Creek hatchery on Netarts Bay. It gives a brief overview of the nature and implications of ocean acidification, then moves on to discuss possible legal remedies. Tort law is found to be unsatisfactory. {\textquotedblleft}With respect to mitigating near-shore acidification, this Comment argues that a regulatory strategy utilizing the Clean Water Act{\textquoteright}s Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) regime holds more promise than a tort response. Furthermore, in the Pacific Northwest, it may be possible to bolster TMDL regulation of non-point pollution through engagement with often-overlooked stakeholders: the Stevens Treaties tribes{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).}, pages = {p.361-400}, keywords = {Netarts Bay, Whiskey Creek, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, aquaculture, climate change, ocean acidification, environmental law and policy}, url = {https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4955\&context=wlr}, author = {LeMay, Weston R.} } @article {77321, title = {Slow shell building, a possible trait for resistance to the effects of acute ocean acidification}, journal = {Limnology and Oceanography}, volume = {61}, year = {2016}, note = {Anthropogenic increases in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have led to acidification of the oceans. More acidic ocean water profoundly affects development of shellfish, and has had a huge impact on shellfish growers in the Pacific Northwest. The Pacific oyster, which originates in Japan, and has historically been the most commonly grown species, seems to be particularly sensitive to ocean acidification. The native Olympia oyster has a different life history and a slower rate of development than the Pacific oyster. In this paper, the authors explore the process of slow shell-building in Olympia oysters in acidic waters and consider implications for potential resiliency in adverse environmental conditions in this and other shellfish species. }, month = {2016}, pages = {p.1969-1983}, keywords = {Yaquina Bay, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon Oyster Farms, Netarts Bay, Whiskey Creek, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, Olympia oyster=Ostrea lurida (Ostrea conchaphila), aquaculture, molluscs, bivalves, oysters, ocean acidification, human imp}, doi = {doi: 10.1002/lno.10348}, author = {Waldbusser, George G. and Gray, Matthew W. and Hales, Burke and Langdon, Christopher J. and Haley, Brian A. and Gimenez, Iria and Smith, Stephanie R. and Brunner, Elizabeth L. and Hutchinson, Greg} } @article {77236, title = {Tidal sand bar dimensions and shapes in estuaries}, journal = {Earth-Science Reviews}, volume = {161}, year = {2016}, note = {{\textquotedblleft}Estuaries show dynamic patterns of channels and bars, which are also valuable habitats, while channels provide access to harbours. In contrast with bars in rivers, we still lack explanations, theory and classifications for bars in estuaries{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). The authors explore the available theories for sand bar size and shape, based on a database of 190 estuaries, mostly in the United States and Europe. Netarts Bay (in the author{\textquoteright}s classification system, a compound estuary) is one of the featured estuaries. This is a technical discussion involving {\textquotedblleft}estuarine geometry and tidal charactistics{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract). Includes aerial photographs. }, month = {2016}, pages = {p.204-223}, keywords = {Netarts Bay, hydrography, physics, sediments, tides, tidal currents, mathematical modeling}, doi = {DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.08.004}, url = {https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/338788}, author = {Leuven, J. R. F. W. and Kleinhans, M. G. and Weisscher, S. A. H. and van der Vegt, M.} } @article {80401, title = {Water quality criteria for an acidifying ocean: challenges and opportunities for improvement}, journal = {Ocean \& Coastal Management}, volume = {126}, year = {2016}, note = {Massive quantities of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere in the last century have been absorbed by the oceans, a development that has caused the oceans to become increasingly acidic. This article addresses the issues faced by natural resource managers in addressing ocean acidification, particularly when current water quality standards permit damage to aquatic life. The authors point out that current biological monitoring is inadequate, that pH criteria must be adjusted, and that additional chemical criteria are needed. The article focuses on the Clean Water Act Section 303(d): Impaired Waters and Total Maximum Daily Loads.}, pages = {p.31-41}, keywords = {Netarts Bay, Willapa Bay, California Current, pH data, water quality, ocean acidification, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, pteropods, environmental policy and law}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.03.010}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/zs25xb137}, author = {Weisberg, Stephen B. and Bednarsek, Nina and Feely, Richard A. and Chan, Francis and Boehm, Alexandria B. and Sutula, Martha and Ruesink, Jennifer l. and Hales, Burke and Largier, John I. and Newton, Jan A.} } @article {76931, title = {Impacts of coastal acidification on the Pacific Northwest shellfish industry and adaptation strategies implemented in response}, journal = {Oceanography: the official magazine of the Oceanography Society}, volume = {28}, year = {2015}, note = {This excellent article gives the current state of knowledge about ocean acidification, the environmental characteristics that amplify the problem on the West Coast, and what can be and is being done about it. Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery and Netarts Bay are featured.}, month = {2015, Jun.}, pages = {p.146{\textendash}159}, keywords = {Bellingham (Wa.), carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, chemistry, Dabob Bay (Wa.), dissolved oxygen, Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, pH data, upwelling, Whiskey Creek, Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, Willapa Bay}, doi = {doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2015.38}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/pz50gx802}, author = {Barton, Alan and Waldbusser, George G. and Feely, Richard A. and Weisberg, Stephen B. and Newton, Jan A. and Hales, Burke and Cudd, Sue and Eudeline, Benoit and Langdon, Christopher J. and Jefferds, Ian and King, Ted and Suhrbier, Andy and McLaughlin, Karen} } @article {76436, title = {Nursery Functions of U.S. West Coast Estuaries: The State of Knowledge for Juveniles of Focal Invertebrate and Fish Species}, year = {2014}, note = {This report summarizes what is known about the role of estuaries as nurseries for important aquatic species. The authors inventoried 303 West Coast estuaries and categorized each by class (lagoonal, riverine, embayment and sound) and subclass (estuarine coastal subtidal, tidal channel/creek, slough and lagoon). They examined 15 different species that used estuaries and noted what is known and not known about their life cycles and use of estuaries. {\textquotedblleft}Together with the estuary inventory and the geodatabase, this report represents the first stage in a larger effort to better understand the nursery functions of West Coast estuaries for fish and invertebrates.{\textquotedblright} (p.3)}, pages = {168 p.}, institution = {The Nature Conservancy}, address = {Arlington, Va.}, keywords = {aquatic invertebrates, Bat stingray = Myliobatus californicus (Aetobatus californicus), Bay shrimp = Crangon franciscorum, Brown rockfish = Sebastes auriculatus, California halibut = Paralichthys californicus, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, crustaceans, Dungeness crab = Metacarcinus magister (Cancer magister), eelgrass = Zostera marina, English sole = Parophrys vetulus, estuaries, fishes, general, geographic distribution, Green sturgeon = Acipenser medirostris, habitats, juvenile fish, Leopard shark = Triakis semifasciata, life history information, Oregon, Pacific Coast, Pacific herring = Clupea pallasi, Pacific staghorn sculpin = Leptocottus armatus, Shiner perch = Cymatogaster aggregate, Starry flounder = Platichthys stellatus, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss}, url = {https://www.scienceforconservation.org/products/nursery-functions-of-estuaries}, author = {Hughes, Brent B. and Levey, Matthew D. and Brown, Jennifer A. and Fountain, Monique C. and Carlisle, Aaron B. and Litvin, Steven Y. and Greene, Correigh M. and Heady, Walter N. and Gleason, Mary G.} } @article {51391, title = {Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific}, volume = {EPA/600/R/12/631}, year = {2012}, note = {{\textquotedblleft}The Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific {\textellipsis} provides maps of native and invaded ecoregions for all the reported marine/estuarine nonindigenous species (NIS) in the North Pacific, exclusive of marsh plants. Additionally, environmental and habitat information for each species is summarized in two-page species profiles, along with an analyses of the extent of invasion at the ecoregion and regional scales across the six North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) member countries (United States, Canada, Russia, Japan, Korea, and China). The information in the NIS Atlas is from the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System.{\textquotedblright} (from publisher{\textquoteright}s website) {\textquotedblleft}With Contributions by Katie Marko, Emily Saarinen, Tad Larsen, Caroline Emch-Wei, Meredith Payne, and PICES WG21 members{\textquotedblright} (from title page)}, pages = {1,943 p.}, institution = {National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Office of Research and Development,}, keywords = {algae, annelids, arthropods, bryozoans, ciliates, cnidarian, crustaceans, ctenophores, diatoms, dinoflagellates, echinoderms, fishes, flatworms, foraminifera, fungi, habitats, introduced species, life history information, molluscs, nematodes, Oregon, Pacific Northwest, polychaete worms, sponges, terrestrial vegetation, tunicates}, url = {https://tinyurl.com/ywb357p2}, author = {Lee II, Henry and Reusser, Deborah A.} } @article {34601, title = {The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects}, journal = {Limnology and oceanography}, volume = {57}, number = {no.3}, year = {2012}, note = {This article gives an excellent overview of the carbonate chemistry of Netarts Bay, and its environmental drivers. "We report results from an oyster hatchery on the Oregon coast, where intake waters experienced variable carbonate chemistry (aragonite saturation state < 0.8 to > 3.2; pH < 7.6 to > 8.2) in the early summer of 2009. Both larval production and midstage growth (~ 120 to ~ 150 {\textmu}m) of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were significantly negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state of waters in which larval oysters were spawned and reared for the first 48 h of life. The effects of the initial spawning conditions did not have a significant effect on early-stage growth (growth from D-hinge stage to ~ 120 {\textmu}m), suggesting a delayed effect of water chemistry on larval development." (from the Abstract)}, pages = {698-710}, keywords = {algae, aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, bivalves, calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide, climate change, molluscs, Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, upwelling, Whiskey Creek Hatchery}, doi = {10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/j3860837q}, author = {Barton, Alan and Hales, Burke and Waldbusser, George G. and Langdon, Christopher J. and Feelyd, Richard A.} } @inbook {51326, title = {Impacts of climate change on Oregon{\textquoteright}s coasts and estuaries}, booktitle = {Oregon Climate Assessment Report}, year = {2010}, note = {This is Chapter 6 of the Oregon Climate Assessment Report. Predicts {\textquotedblleft}Increased winter{\textendash}early spring flow of coastal rivers and creeks and reduced flow during summer{\textquotedblright} for the Umpqua River (p.242)}, pages = {p.211-268}, publisher = {Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute,}, organization = {Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute,}, address = {Corvallis, Or.}, keywords = {Alsea Bay, Alsea Spit, bacteria, Bayocean Spit, climate change, climate precipitation, coastal hazards, Columbia River estuary, Coos Bay, dissolved oxygen, El Nino, erosion, estuaries, geology, landslides, Nehalem Bay, Nehalem Spit, Neskowin (Or.), Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, Rockaway Beach, salinity, Salmon River Estuary, sea level, Siletz Bay, Tillamook Bay, water temperature, wave heights, Yachats River, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl\%3A637577}, author = {Ruggiero, Peter and Brown, Cheryl A. and Komar, Paul D. and Allan, Jonathan C. and Reusser, Deborah A. and Lee II, Henry}, editor = {Dello, Kathie and Mote, Philip W.} } @inbook {13566, title = {Native American use of seals, sea lions, and sea otters in estuaries of northern Oregon and southern Washington}, booktitle = {Human impacts on seals, sea lions, and sea otters : integrating archaeology and ecology in the northeast Pacific}, year = {2010}, note = {Good review of present understanding of archeology of the Minard (Grays Harbor), Par-Tee (Necanicum), Palmrose (Necanicum) and Netarts sites. Table 8.2 lists marine mammal remains by location. BW photographs show harpoon points, valves and atlatl handles from the Par-Tee site. Table 8.3 gives abundance of fish remains from the Minard and Netarts sites by species and month of the year. "When the faunal assemblage from Netarts is viewed as a whole, pinnipeds and sea otters were clearly part of a meat diet that included a wide array of species... Overall though, both the fish and shellfish assemblages from the site indicate a focus on the species inhabiting Netarts lagoon." (p.176)}, pages = {p.167-195}, publisher = {Univ. of California Pr.}, organization = {Univ. of California Pr.}, chapter = {Chapter 8}, address = {Berkeley, Ca.}, keywords = {archeology, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, English sole = Parophrys vetulus, Grays Harbor, Harbor seal = Phoca vitulina, human impacts, Minard, Necanicum Bay, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, Northern anchovy = Engraulis mordax, Northern fur seal = Callorhinus ursinus, Pacific herring = Clupea pallasi, Pacific staghorn sculpin = Leptocottus armatus, Pacific tomcod = Microgadus proximus, Palmrose, Par-Tee, Sea otter = Enhydra lutris, Shiner perch = Cymatogaster aggregate, Starry flounder = Platichthys stellatus, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss, Steller sea lion = Eumetopias jubatus, Surf smelt = Hypomesus pretiosis, temporal abundance, Tillamook Head, Topsmelt = Atherinops affinis}, author = {Moss, Madonna L. and Losey, Robert J.}, editor = {Braje, Todd J. and Rick, Torben C.} } @article {13571, title = {Rupture area and displacement of past Cascadia great earthquakes from coastal coseismic subsidence}, volume = {122}, number = {no.11-12}, year = {2010}, pages = {p.2079-2096}, keywords = {Alsea Bay, Coos Bay, Coquille River, earthquakes, geology, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Salmon River, sediments, Siletz Bay, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, Tillamook Bay, tsunamis, Umpqua River, Yaquina Bay}, doi = {10.1130/B30108.1}, author = {Leonard, Lucinda J. and Currie, Claire A. and Mazzotti, Stephane and Hyndman, Roy D.} } @article {13576, title = {Classification of Regional Patterns of Environmental Drivers and Benthic Habitats in Pacific Northwest Estuaries}, volume = {EPA 600/R-09/140}, year = {2009}, note = {"This report describes a pilot effort at classifying PNW estuaries with regards to landscape attributes and their susceptibility to nutrient enrichment." (p.247) Much data is presented. Although the report focuses on seven estuaries (Alsea, Coos Bay, Nestucca, Salmon River, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua and Yaquina), many other estuaries are mentioned, and basic statistical data is given for all PNW estuaries.}, keywords = {Alsea Bay, climate, Coos Bay, demographics, eelgrass = Zostera marina, Ghost shrimp = Neotrypaea californiensis (Callianassa californiensis), hydrography, hydrology, Japanese eelgrass = Zostera japonica, Mud shrimp = Upogebia pugettensis, Nestucca River estuary, nitrate-nitrite, nitrogen, phosphorus, phytoplankton, precipitation, salinity, Salmon River Estuary, sediment data, tidal currents, Tillamook Bay, turbidity, Umpqua River estuary, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://tinyurl.com/386ba6jn}, author = {National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (U.S.). Western Ecology Division,}, editor = {Lee II, Henry and Brown, Cheryl A.} } @book {13616, title = {Identification of Historical Populations of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Oregon Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit}, series = {NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-NWFSC}, volume = {no.79}, year = {2007}, note = {Important report on coho stocks and their genetic relationships.}, month = {2007, Jan.}, pages = {129 p.}, publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service}, organization = {U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service}, address = {[Seattle, Wash.]}, keywords = {abundance, Alsea Basin, aquatic vegetation, Beaver Creek, biological, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kitsutch, commercial fisheries - salmon, Coos Bay, Coquille River, depleted populations, Devil{\textquoteright}s Lake, general ecosystem description, human impacts, hydrology, natural resource management, Necanicum Bay, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca River estuary, recreational fisheries - salmon, Salmon River, Siletz River, Siltcoos Creek, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, terrestrial vegetation, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River Basin, Yaquina River Basin}, url = {https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/123357711.pdf}, author = {Lawson, Peter W. and Bjorkstedt, Eric P. and Chilcote, Mark W. and Huntingdon, Charles W. and Mills, Justin S. and Moore, Kelly M. S. and Nickelson, Thomas E. and Reeves, Gordon H. and Stout, Heather A. and Wainwright, Thomas C. and Weitkamp, Laurie A.} } @article {83007, title = {Pacific Northwest Coast Ecoregional Assessment}, year = {2006}, note = {{\textquotedblleft}Prepared by The Nature Conservancy, the Nature Conservancy of Canada, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.{\textquotedblright} This is a very broad ecological assessment for the Pacific Northwest: British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. {\textquotedblleft}The purpose of the Pacific Northwest Coast ecoregional conservation assessment was to identify an efficient suite of conservation sites that will contribute toward the long-term survival of all viable native plant and animal species and natural communities in the ecoregion.{\textquotedblright} (p.ix) This document is accompanied by appendices indicating sites of interest. V.1 - main report, v.2 - appendices, v.3 - maps. Appendices: https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/sb397d851 Maps: https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/v692tc30m}, pages = {129 p.}, institution = {The Nature Conservancy}, address = {Portland, Or.}, keywords = {climate, depleted populations, ecosystem health, ecosystem modeling, general, habitats, human impacts}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/8g84mr696}, author = {VanderSchaaf, Dick and Wilhere, George and Ferdana, Zack and Popper, Ken and Schindel, Michael and Skidmore, Peter and Rolph, Dave and Lachetti, Pierre and Kittel, Gwen and Crawford, Rex and Pickering, Debbie and Christy, John A.} } @article {13671, title = {House remains at the Netarts Sandspit Village, Oregon}, volume = {30}, number = {no.4}, year = {2005}, note = {Describes archeological investigations at Netarts Spit, at a site occupied from around A.D. 1300 for several hundred years, concentrating on the buildings."The Netarts dwellings appear to be the southernmost excavated large plank houses on the Northwest Coast." (p.413) "Together, these data indicate that a village consisting of retangular wood plank houses arranged in two rows existed on the Netarts Sandspit for four or five centuries." (p.413)}, pages = {p.401-417}, keywords = {archeology, Netarts Spit}, author = {Losey, Robert J.} } @article {13696, title = {Update on research concerning the summertime mortality of the Pacific oyster}, volume = {24}, number = {no.1}, year = {2005}, note = {Abstract only. "During the 2002 to 2003 growing season, for example, farmers in ... Netarts Bay, Oregon ... reported up to a 50\% loss of market-ready oysters occurring over a brief 2-3 wk span."}, month = {2005}, pages = {p.336}, abstract = {Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) summer mortalities are a recurring problem in the United States, Japan, France, and Mexico. During the 2002 to 2003 growing season, for example, farmers in Carlsbad, California; Netarts Bay, Oregon; and Willapa Bay and south Puget Sound, Washington, reported up to a 50\% loss of market-ready oysters occurring over a brief 2-3 wk span. Research findings indicate genetic pedigree, ploidy, culture practice, and prior exposure to environmental stress have varying influences on the expression of the summer mortality disease in Pacific oysters. The ability of oysters to survive episodes of summer mortality is in part genetically determined and perhaps enhanced through selective breeding of families showing high survival traits. Pedigreed lines of oysters with different genetic histories, produced by the Oregon State University Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP), displayed markedly differential survival, yields, and growth rates. An ongoing Western Regional Aquaculture Center (WRAC) project is exploring an alternative approach that utilizes crossbreeding, the crossing of inbred lines of oysters to produce "hybrids." Initial evaluations of hybrid lines grown out in Hood Canal, Washington, in 2001 to 2002 suggest exceptional performance. Triploid and diploid oysters appear to have different optimal environments. The definition of their respective requirements and responses is essential for maximizing their survival and productivity. Field experiments and grower observations have demonstrated sporadic high triploid mortalities and wide variation in survival compared with diploid oysters planted at the same locations.}, keywords = {Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, shellfish}, author = {Suhrbier, A.D. and Cheney, D. and Elston, R. and Friedman, C. and Griffin, F. and Langdon, C. and Davis, J. and Christy, A.} } @article {13701, title = {Wetland Profiles of Oregon{\textquoteright}s Coastal Watersheds and Estuaries: Part 3 of a Hydrogeomorphic Guidebook. Report to Coos Watershed Association, US Environmental Protection Agency, and Oregon Depart. of State Lands, Salem.}, year = {2005}, note = {Bibliography is with the 2nd volume of this handbook, "Oregon Tidal Wetland Functions Literature Review \& Data." This volume summarizes the state of tidal and non-tidal wetlands on the Oregon Coast. Looks at potential stressors, water quality. Gives detailed descriptions of 3 wetlands in the Netarts Estuary. The wetlands were assessed in 2003. About 55\% of the Netarts Estuary is tidal wetland.}, pages = {89 p.}, keywords = {aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vegetation, birds, Cape Lookout State Park, estuarine dynamics, flooding, human impacts, Jackson Creek, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, salinity, sediments, species list, statistics, terrestrial mammals, tidal processes, water quality, wetland delineation, wetland vegetation}, url = {https://www.oregon.gov/dsl/WW/Documents/tidal_HGM_pt3.pdf}, author = {Adamus, Paul R. and Larsen, Jennifer and Scranton, Russell} } @article {13721, title = {Improvement of disease resistance and understanding of summer mortality in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, note = {Abstract only. Discusses summer mortalities of Pacific oysters and points to genetics as a major factor. "During the 2002 to 2003 growing season, . . . farmers in Carlsbad, CA, Netarts Bay, OR, and Willapa Bay and south Puget Sound, Washington reported up to a 50\% loss of market-ready oysters occurring over a brief 2 to 3 week span."}, month = {2004}, pages = {284-285}, abstract = {Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) summer mortalities are a recurring problem in the United States, Japan, France, and Mexico. During the 2002 to 2003 growing season, for example, farmers in Carlsbad, CA, Netarts Bay, OR, and Willapa Bay and south Puget Sound, Washington reported up to a 50\% loss of market-ready oysters occurring over a brief 2 to 3 week span. Research findings indicate genetic pedigree, ploidy, culture practice, and prior exposure to environmental stress have varying influences on the expression of the summer mortality disease in Pacific oysters. Key facets of research to date include (1) the ability of oysters to survive episodes of summer mortality is in part genetically determined and perhaps can be enhanced through selective breeding of families showing high survival traits. Pedigreed lines of oysters with different genetic histories, produced by the Oregon State University Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP), displayed markedly differential survival, yields, and growth rates during episodes of summer mortality at project study locations in California and Washington. There is a strong and consistent genetic response of families to environmental stress that is independent of when the families were produced and planted. In addition, prior inconsistent mortalities occurring across large culture plots can, at least in part, be explained by differential genetic backgrounds of the oyster crops. (2) Triploid and diploid oysters appear to have different optimal environments and definition of their respective requirements and response is essential for maximizing their survival and productivity. Field experiments and grower observations have demonstrated sporadic high triploid mortalities and wide variation in survival compared with diploid oysters planted at the same locations. Overall, triploid oysters grown at Puget Sound test sites in 2000 to 2002 experienced a cumulative mortality of 8\%-28\% above the mortality rates of diploid oysters planted in comparable plots.}, keywords = {bivalves, genetics, human use and impacts, molluscs, mortality, Netarts Bay, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, shellfish}, doi = {org/10.2983/035.030.0310}, author = {Cheney, D. and Burnett, L. and Christy, A. and Davis, J. and Elston, R. and Friedman, C. and Griffin, F. and Langdon, C. and Suhrbier, A.} } @article {13726, title = {Late-Holocene Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) harvest at an Oregon coast estuary}, volume = {31}, number = {no.11}, year = {2004}, note = {Reports on study of crab remains from Netarts Sandspit Village archeological site. Majority of remains were from juvenile Dungeness crabs. Suggest that crabs were captured subtidally while raking for cockle clams, which would account for the preponderance of juveniles. Suggest bias in archeological sampling techniques, coupled with the fragility of crustacean remains leads to underestimation of the importance of crustaceans in the diets of indigenous peoples. Illustrated.}, month = {2004}, pages = {p.1603-1612}, abstract = {Coastal peoples worldwide harvested and consumed a wide variety of shellfish. Most archaeological analyses of shellfish remains tend to focus on bivalves such as clams and mussels while other shellfish such as gastropods, barnacles, and crabs have received much less attention. Here we examine the use of Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) at a late-Holocene village on Netarts Bay, northern Oregon Coast. Ethnographic and ethnohistoric records suggest that crabs were both individually hunted as well as gathered, often en masse. We employ allometric scaling of Dungeness claws (propal fingers) recovered from several household middens to estimate crab body size and age. These data indicate that while a wide age range of crabs were collected, most harvesting efforts focused on juveniles and young adults. This suggests that most Dungeness crabs at the site were gathered (not individually hunted) in Netarts Bay, most likely in shallow subtidal areas where cockles (Clinocardium nuttalli) were also being regularly taken. As such, Dungeness crabs were part of a foraging strategy that involved the efficient mass harvest of small prey using minimal technology. [copyright] 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {archeology, Cockle clam = Clinocardium nuttallii, Dungeness crab = Metacarcinus magister (Cancer magister), human use and impacts, shellfish}, doi = {10.1016/j.jas.2004.04.002}, author = {Losey, Robert. J. and Yamada, Sylvia B. and Largaespada, L.} } @article {13746, title = {Exploring the use of red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) fruit on the southern Northwest Coast of North America}, volume = {30}, year = {2003}, note = {Discusses the discovery of a store of red elderberry seeds at 35-TI-1, the Netarts Sandspit village archeological site, native American use of red elderberry, fruit remains at other West Coast sites, and nutritional values of local fruits.}, pages = {p.695-707}, keywords = {archeology, Netarts Spit, paleosciences, red elderberry = Sambucus racemosa}, doi = {10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00242-X}, author = {Losey, Robert J. and Stenholm, Nancy and Whereat-Phillips, Patty and Vallianatos, Helen} } @mastersthesis {13771, title = {Communities and Catastrophe: Tillamook Response to the AD 1700 Earthquake and Tsunami, Northern Oregon Coast}, volume = {Ph.D.}, year = {2002}, note = {Extensive examination of responses of the Tillamook peoples of Netarts and Nehalem Bays to the earthquake and tsunami of 1700 C.E. Valuable resource.}, month = {2002}, pages = {636 p.}, school = {University of Oregon}, type = {Doctoral Dissertation}, edition = {Ph.D.}, chapter = {Department of Anthropology}, address = {Eugene, Or.}, keywords = {archeology, coastal hazards, Cronin Point, earthquakes, Elk Meadow, Nehalem Bay, Nehalem Bay Dune, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, North Fork Site, North Trail House, Spruce Tree, theses, tsunamis}, author = {Losey, Robert. J.} } @article {13796, title = {Indicators of west coast estuary health}, volume = {2000}, year = {2001}, note = {"In this chapter, we attempt to lay out a conceptual framework for indicator selection germane to the West Coast estuaries, including those studied extensively by PNCERS researchers. In the latter half of the chapter we offer an annotated list of candidate indicators for each of the three system components: the physical environment, the socio-economic system, and the the biological system. A concurrent table presents all candidate indicators, their constituent measures and proxies (if appropriate) and the relevant estuarine types within which the indicators are valuable. . . " (p.1-2) }, month = {2001}, pages = {p.1-20}, institution = {Coastal Ocean Programs, NOAA}, keywords = {biodegradation, carbon, dissolved oxygen, ecosystem health, estuaries, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, invasive species, nitrogen, pesticides, phosphorus, sediments, species composition, species list, toxicity, water pollution, water quality}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/n583xv76d}, author = {Parrish, Julia K. and Bell, Kathleen and Logerwell, Elizabeth and Roegner, Curtis} } @article {13821, title = {Geographic signature of North American west coast estuaries}, volume = {23}, number = {no.6}, year = {2000}, note = {General review. Netarts Bay is classified as a bar-built estuary. Because some of the authors were Federal employees, this is an open-access publication.}, month = {2000}, pages = {p.765-792}, abstract = {West Coast estuaries are geologically young and composed of a variety of geomorphological types. These estuaries range from large fjords to shallow lagoons; from large to low freshwater flows. Natural hazards include El Ninos, strong Pacific storms, and active tectonic activity. West Coast estuaries support a wide range of living resources: five salmon species, harvestable shellfish, waterfowl and marine birds, marine mammals, and a variety of algae and plants. Although populations of many of these living resources have declined (salmonids), others have increased (marine mammals). West Coast estuaries are also centers of commerce and increasingly large shipping traffic. The West Coast human population is rising faster than most other areas of the U. S. and Canada, and is distributed heavily in southern California, the San Francisco Bay area, around Puget Sound, and the Fraser River estuary. While water pollution is a problem in many of the urbanized estuaries, most estuaries do not suffer from poor water quality. Primary estuarine problems include habitat alterations, degradation, and loss; diverted freshwater flows; marine sediment contamination; and exotic species introductions. The growing West Coast economy and population are in part related to the quality of life, which is dependent on the use and enjoyment of abundant coastal natural resources.}, keywords = {economics, geography, geology, human use and impacts, Pacific salmonids = Oncorhynchus spp., primary production, water pollution}, doi = {10.2307/1352998}, url = {https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/tracel/references/pdf/Estuaries_v23n6p765.pdf}, author = {Emmett, Robert L. and Lianso, Roberto and Newton, Jan and Thom, Ron and Mi Helle, Hornberger and Morgan, Heryl and Levings, Olin and Opping, Andrea and Fishman, Paul} } @article {13881, title = {Models of rapid relative sea-level change in Washington and Oregon, USA}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, year = {1998}, note = {Discusses the history of sea-level changes due to seismic disturbances in the Pacific Northwest. Uses the Johns River in Washington State and Netarts Bay in Oregon as data sources. Discusses possible models for rapid sea-level changes. Maps, charts.}, month = {1998}, pages = {129-142}, abstract = {Much geological evidence points to repeated plate-boundary earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone, Pacific Northwest USA. Current land motions, calculated using short-term (100 yr) tide gauge, repeat levelling and other geodetic data, record deformation during the present interseismic period. These short-term data form the basis of efforts to model longer-term plate-boundary deformation and assess seismic hazard in this region. In this paper we use relative sea-level (RSL) data from the last 4000 cal. yr BP to examine four aspects of these plate-boundary deformation models over several earthquake cycles: rates of isostatic rebound, the spatial pattern and magnitude of coseismic deformation, and rates of interseismic strain accumulation. Age/altitude plots of RSL data from a 300-km-long string of sites stretching from Copalis River (central Washington) to Alsea Bay (central Oregon) reveal a systematic north- south decline in the rate of isostatic rebound equal to c. 0.25 +- 0.02 mm yr1 100 km 1 . High precision microfossil and RSL data from Johns River (Washington) and Netarts Bay (Oregon) register repeated episodes of late-Holocene coseismic submergence. This is contrary to the coseismic uplift expected, based on differences in uplift rates calculated using late-Quaternary marine terrace data from the region. Moreover, the magnitudes of coseismic submergence inferred from these RSL data are typically half the modelled predictions based on current deformation rates. Lastly, we identify evidence from Netarts Bay for pre-seismic RSL rise of up to 0.4 mm yr1 in the decades immediately preceding each episode of marsh burial. Together, our findings shine new light on models of rapid relative sea-level rise in the Pacific Northwest, and highlight the need to strengthen further the dialogue between long-term geological and short-term geodetic studies in this region.}, keywords = {coastal hazards, geology, Netarts Bay}, author = {Long, A. J. and Shennan, I.} } @article {13901, title = {Tidal marsh stratigraphy, sea-level change and large earthquakes-II: submergence events during the last 3500 years at Netarts Bay, Oregon, USA}, volume = {17}, number = {no.4}, year = {1998}, note = {Investigates "peat-mud couplets" - alternating layers of peat and mud. Finds three peat-mud couplets showing gradual sedimentation changes and four couplets showing rapid subsidence indicative of large earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone. Examines hypotheses regarding the details of these cycles.}, month = {1998}, pages = {p.365-393}, abstract = {This is the second investigation where we apply the methods and scientific framework common to sea-level investigations in northwest Europe to test a model of coseismic land subsidence followed by land uplift during interseismic strain accumulation, used to explain alternating peat-mud couplets of late Holocene age found in many of the estuaries of the Pacific Northwest of the USA and Canada. Recent studies in this region interpret such couplets as the product of repeated large (magnitude 8 or 9) earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone. Stratigraphic investigations of the intertidal sediments at Netarts Bay, Oregon, using lithological, pollen and diatom analyses reveal different types of submergence associated with peat-mud couplets during the last 3500yr. Three peat-mud couplets record gradual sedimentation changes within an infilling body of water. Four other couplets record rapid submergence, burial of tidal marshes and their replacement by low marsh environments. In three of the events rapid submergence is small, 0-0.5m. The most recent marsh submergence event, around AD 1700, was 0.4+/-0.3m. Most of the buried peats contain microfossil evidence for a gradual increase in marine influence before the rapid change from organic to minerogenic sedimentation. Similar gradual changes are common in comparable pale environments on non-seismic coasts and are strong evidence against a simple interseismic strain accumulation-coseismic subsidence model. One hypothesis is that the gradual increase in marine influence before each submergence represents pre-seismic relative sea-level rise caused by a reduction in the rate of land uplift. The microfossil analyses provide evidence of three stages within an earthquake deformation cycle: coseismic subsidence; interseismic land uplift; and pre-seismic reduction in the rate of land uplift. At present the microfossil data do not differentiate between rapid post-seismic land uplift and rapid sedimentation.}, keywords = {coastal hazards, geology, tsunamis}, author = {Shennan, I. and Long, A. and Rutherford, M. M. and Innes, J.B. and Green, F.M. and Walker, K.J.} } @proceedings {13906, title = {Variability of Pacific Northwest marine ecosystems and relation to salmon production}, volume = {no.11}, year = {1998}, month = {August 13-14, 1}, pages = {181-252}, publisher = {NOAA Coastal Ocean Office}, address = {Troutdale, Oregon}, keywords = {biological, Chinook salmon = Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, chum salmon = Oncorhynchus keta, coastal upwelling, coho salmon=Oncorhynchus kisutch, community ecology, ecological succession, ecosystem modeling, estuarine dynamics, general, general ecosystem description, Pacific salmonids = Oncorhynchus species, physical, sockeye salmon = Oncorhynchus nerka, steelhead trout = Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout = Salmo gairdneri)}, url = {https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1668}, author = {Bottom, Daniel L. and Lichatowich, James A. and Frissell, Christopher A.}, editor = {McMurray, Gregory R. and Robert J Bailey} } @article {14076, title = {Tsunamis Affecting the West Coast of the United States 1806-1992}, year = {1993}, note = {Good data graphs}, month = {December_1993}, pages = {242 p.}, keywords = {Alsea River estuary, coastal hazards, Columbia River estuary, Coos River estuary, Coquille River estuary, Depoe Bay, Nehalem Bay, Netarts Bay, physical, Port Orford, Rogue River estuary, Siuslaw River estuary, Tillamook estuary, Umpqua River estuary, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/publications/Kgrd-29.pdf}, author = {U. S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Lander, James F. and Lockridge, Patricia A. and Kozuch, Michael J.} } @article {14081, title = {Assemblages of U.S. west coast estuaries based on the distribution of fishes}, volume = {19}, year = {1992}, note = {The authors analyzed twenty-eight West Coast estuaries regarding whether any of 360 possible fish species were present in those estuaries. Using these results, they grouped the 28 estuaries into six possible classifications. This estuary falls into the Northern Estuarine Group. Important species are given.}, pages = {p.251-267}, keywords = {Arrow goby = Clevelandia ios, Brown Irish lord = Hemilepdotus spinosus, Coos Bay, Copper rockfish = Sebastes caurinus, fishes, Humboldt Bay, Netarts Bay, Padded sculpin = Artedius fenestralis, Penpoint gunnel = Apodichthys flavidus, Silverspotted sculpin = Belpsias cirrhosus, Snake prickleback = Lumpenus sagitta, species composition, species list, Tillamook Bay, Tube-snout = Aulorhynchus flavidus, Tubenose poacher = Pallasina barbata, Umpqua River, Wolf-eel = Amarrhichthys ocellatus, Yaquina Bay}, author = {Monaco, Mark E. and Lowery, Tony A. and Emmett, Robert L.} } @article {14251, title = {Species profiles : life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest) : pacific herring}, volume = {no. 82-11.126}, year = {1989}, note = {This is a classic overview of the biology and life history of Pacific herring in the Pacific Northwest. Good bibliography, if a bit dated.Map, charts, line drawings.}, pages = {18 p.}, keywords = {Alsea Bay, commercial fisheries, Coos Bay, Coquille Bay, fecundity, fishes, growth, juvenile fish, life history information, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Pacific herring = Clupea pallasi, recreational fisheries, reproductive behavior, Sand Lake, Siletz Bay, Siuslaw Bay, taxonomy, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River estuary, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a224836.pdf}, author = {Lassuy, Dennis R. and U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Coastal Ecology Group, and National Wetlands Research Center (U.S.),} } @article {14266, title = {Species profiles : life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (Pacific Northwest) : English sole}, volume = {no. 82-11.101.}, year = {1989}, note = {Estuaries serve as nurseries for young English sole, although adult fish migrate to the ocean. This is a classic overview of the biology and life history of English sole in the Pacific Northwest. Good bibliography, if a bit dated.Map, charts, line drawings.}, keywords = {Alsea Bay, commercial fisheries, Coos Bay, Coquille Bay, English sole = Parophrys vetulus, fecundity, growth, juvenile fish, life history information, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, recreational fisheries, reproductive behavior, Salmon River Estuary, Sand Lake, Siletz Bay, Siuslaw Bay, taxonomy, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River estuary, Winchester Bay, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA214303.pdf}, author = {Lassuy, Dennis R. and U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Coastal Ecology Group, and National Wetlands Research Center (U.S.),} } @book {14366, title = {Species Profiles : Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest) : Coho Salmon}, series = {Biological Report (Washington, D.C.)}, number = {no.82 (11.48)}, year = {1986}, note = {This is a classic overview of the biology and life history of coho salmon in the Pacific Northwest. Good bibliography, if a bit dated. Map, charts, line drawings.}, month = {1986}, pages = {18 p.}, publisher = {U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station}, organization = {U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station}, address = {Washington, D.C.; Vicksburg, Miss.}, keywords = {Alsea River, Coho salmon = Oncorhynchus kisutch, Coquille River, geographic distribution, habitats, life history information, Nehalem River, Nestucca River, North Umpqua River, Rogue River, Siletz River, Siuslaw River, Smith River, South Umpqua River, taxonomy, Trask River, Umpqua River, water quality, water temperature}, url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA172613.pdf}, author = {Laufle, Jeffrey C. and Pauley, Gilbert B. and Shepard, Michael F. and U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Coastal Ecology Group, and National Coastal Ecosystems Team} } @mastersthesis {14561, title = {Multivariate analysis of a tidal marsh ecosystem at Netarts Spit, Tillamook County, Oregon}, year = {1981}, note = {"Variability of plant species distributions, plant communities, soil and hydrological factors in an area of the Netarts Spit tidal marsh are examined." (from the Abstract) Identifies four plant communities: semisubmergent halophyte; emergent halophyte; transitional grassland-forb; coastal scrub forest. Major professor was Robert E. Frenkel.}, pages = {88 p.}, school = {Oregon State University}, type = {Masters Thesis}, edition = {M. S.}, chapter = {Dept. of Geography}, address = {Corvallis, OR.}, abstract = {Variability of plant species distributions, plant connunities, soil and hydrological factors in an area of the Netarts Spit tidal marsh are examined. The purpose is to advance general understanding of Oregon{\textquoteright}s tidal marsh ecosystems in terms of plant coninunities and functio{\textquoteright}nal habitat conditions and make a contribution to the conceptual and technical framework used by regulatory agencies to manage wetlands. Vegetation, soil and hydrological attributes were measured periodically from May, 1978 to March, 1979 along three transects extending parallel to the elevation gradient. Each transect began at point bayward of the lower limit of marsh vegetation and continued to a point shoreward of the perceived upper limit of the marsh on the narrow, stabilized dune ridge separating Netarts Spit from the ocean. Plant species distribution and abundance by cover class was recorded in microplots located at increments of five meters or less along each transect. Soil and hydrological observations at intervals of approximately six weeks were made at 29 primary sampling sites located at increments of 15 meters or less along the transects. Water table fluctuations and soil moisture tension were examined in situ. Soil cores were extracted from the marsh for analysis of interstitial soil moisture content and salinity, soil texture, pH, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium content. Data on tidal inundation frequency and duration were provided by the National Ocean Survey from a tide gauge located at Netarts public boat dock. Weather data were obtained from continuously recording hygrothermographs and an accumulating rain gauge located in the ecotone between marsh and upland. Comparative climatic data were obtained from published National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Data Center Bulletins. Analysis of individual environmental gradients was initiated by arranging the data matrix into a composite transect ordered by elevation. Each attribute was then plotted against elevation using graphically comparable scales. Data synthesis was accomplished using a combination of reciprocal averaging ordination (to identify coimlunity gradients) and cluster analysis (for sampling site classification) applied to hierarchical data sets composed of combinations of physical, chemical, and vegetative sampling site attributes. Habitat at lower elevations of the study area (0.70 m below mean high water) is dominated by tidal factors which decrease steadily as one approaches extreme higher high water (0.52 m above mean high water). Fine textured sediments are saturated near the middle elevations of the study area (-0.25 to 1.00 m above mean high water), with the lower and higher elevations dominated by sand. Hydrologic factors (water table depth and soil moisture tension) dominate the highest elevations of the study area but decrease steadily as one approaches mean high water. The remaining environmental factors (interstitial soil moisture content and salinity, cation exchange capacity, specific ion concentrations, organic matter, and pH) may each be interpreted as variants of one or more of the three primary environmental gradients: tides, sediment texture, and hydrology. Interstitial soil moisture salinity, soil moisture tension, and water table depth all show maxima during months with high daily temperatures and low precipitation (Aug.-Sep.,) and minima during months with low daily temperatures and high precipitation (Dec.-Mar.). Interstitial soil moisture content shows the reverse relationship with minima during Aug.-Sep. and maxima during Dec.- Mar. Plant community structure of the tidal marsh may be best understood as a species continuum beginning at about 0.60 m below mean high water characterized by snecies dominance at low elevation (_0.51) to 0.40 m above mean hiah water) givinG way to soecies diversity at higher elevations. This continuum may be locally qraduated into three or more subdivisions or plant communities by the dynamic reltionshi of intertidal deposition and erosion processes. Community structure of the associated dune upland is distinguishable environmentally and floristically as distinct from the tidal marsh at about 0.90 m above mean hich water although no attempt is made to resolve finer details of urland community structure beyond the marsh interface.}, keywords = {ecological succession, estuaries, geographic distribution, marine plants, Netarts Spit, soils, species list, theses, tides, wetland delineation, wetland vegetation}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/kp78gk38n}, author = {Liverman, Marc C.} } @inbook {14611, title = {Adaptive and behavioral responses to artificial propagation in a stock of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta.}, booktitle = {Salmonid ecosystems of the North Pacific}, series = {Symposium on Salmonid Ecosystems of the North Pacific Ocean}, year = {1980}, note = {Also published as an OSU Agricultural Experiment Station Leaflet no 4892. From proceedings of a symposium held at Otter Crest, Oregon in May, 1978.}, pages = {p.309-312}, publisher = {Oregon State University Press: Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program}, organization = {Oregon State University Press: Oregon State University Sea Grant College Program}, address = {Otter Crest, OR}, abstract = {A pilot production program with chum salmon (O. keta ) presented an opportunity to look for adaptive responses. Gametes were withdrawn from a vestigial, naturally-reproducing stock in Whiskey Creek, a tributary of Netarts Bay, Oregon. The fish have now been artificially propagated for two generations. This report describes selective processes and adaptive responses contributing to the evolution of this hatchery brood stock. Hatchery-produced fry entered the estuary somewhat earlier than fry produced in the natural habitat. A large proportion of hatchery-produced fish were recruited to the estuarine stock. The increased variation in size of out-migrant fry from the hatchery indicated qualitative as well as quantitative change in the stock{\textquoteright}s structure.}, keywords = {aquaculture, salmon}, author = {Lannan, James E., Jr.}, editor = {McNeil, William J. and Himsworth, Daniel C.} } @article {82686, title = {Methods of Supplementing Clam and Abalone Production: Annual R eport July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1976}, year = {1976}, note = {This report presents information on clam distribution in Oregon estuaries. It includes clam population estimates for parts of Yaquina, Tillamook and Coos bays. Gives data from a clam aging study. Permits were issued for commercial clam harvesting in Yaquina and Coos bays. Reports on plantings of clams in Netarts and Yaquina Bays and the abalone planting in Whale Cove. Includes maps showing clams, substrate and vegetation for Nehalem, Tillamook, Netarts, Nestucca, Salmon River and Siletz bays.}, month = {1975-1976}, pages = {65 p.}, institution = {Oregon Fish Commission of Oregon, Division of Management and Research}, address = {Oregon}, keywords = {aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vegetation, bivalves, Butter clam = Saxidomus giganteus, Cockle clam = Clinocardium nuttallii, Coos Bay, Gaper clam = Tresus capax, Littleneck clam = Leukoma staminea, maps, molluscs, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca River estuary, Netarts Bay, Red abalone = Haliotis rufescens, Salmon River Estuary, sediments, Siletz Bay, Softshell clam = Mya arenaria, spatial distribution, Tillamook Bay, Whale Cove, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/79407x89g}, author = {Gaumer, Thomas F. and Lukas, Gerald T. and Halstead, Bruce G. and Oregon. Fish Commission. Division of Management and Research, and Oregon. Department of Fish and Wildlife,} } @article {14861, title = {Netarts Bay chum salmon hatchery: an experiment in ocean ranching}, volume = {no.621}, year = {1975}, note = {"The recent pattern in Pacific salmon fisheries is one of overcapitalized vessels, facing escalating energy and labor costs, in pursuit of limited (in some cases decimated) stocks. In many areas of the Pacific Northwest, the fisheries depend heavily upon exploiting artificially propagated stocks. Since revenues from the fisheries do not offset the costs of hatchery programs, the propagative programs of state and federal agencies are a subsidy without which the fisheries could not exist. The fisheries are also dependent on market prices which place ocean-caught salmon in the luxury food class. The problems confronting the fisheries have resulted in increasing interest in salmon aquaculture as an alternative approach to salmon production" (from the Abstract). Pages 4 and 10 are blank pages in this document. }, pages = {28 p.}, institution = {Oregon State University}, address = {Corvallis, Or.}, keywords = {aquaculture, chum salmon = Oncorhynchus keta, hatchery salmonids, Netarts Bay}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/administrative_report_or_publications/6q182k452}, author = {Lannan, James E., Jr.} } @article {14906, title = {Clam-Abalone Stock Supplementation Feasibility Study Annual Report July 1, 1973 to June 30, 1974}, year = {1974}, note = {"The objectives of this study were to locate suitable intertidal and subtidal clam planting sites and to determine the feasibility of planting laboratory spawned clams. Criteria used to determine the suitability of potential clam planting sites included: an evaluation of species of clams indigenous to the survey area and the type of substrate and vegetation within the survey area." (from the Introduction) Also reports on attempts to induce spawning in red abalone. Maps show vegetation, substrate types and clam beds for Netarts, Yaquina and Alsea bays.}, month = {June_1974}, pages = {20 p.}, institution = {Fish Commission of Oregon}, address = {[Salem, OR]}, keywords = {abundance, age composition, Alsea Bay, aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, biological, bivalves, Butter clam = Saxidomus giganteus, commercial fisheries - shellfish, geographical distribution, Manila clam = Venerupis japonica, methodology, molluscs, Netarts Bay, Red abalone = Haliotis rufescens, size composition, Whale Cove, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/6h440s904}, author = {Lukas, Gerald T. and Gaumer, Thomas F. and Oregon. Fish Commission} } @article {56046, title = {Status of the Chum Salmon Pilot Production Project at Netarts Bay, Oregon}, year = {1974}, note = {This document gives an overview of a pilot project to raise chum salmon in a tributary of Netarts Bay from the project{\textquoteright}s inception in 1972 to mid-1974. An appendix gives the 1973 agreement between the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station and the Fish Commission of Oregon relating to the project. }, pages = {23 p.}, institution = {Oregon State University. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife}, address = {Newport, Or.}, keywords = {aquaculture, chum salmon = Oncorhynchus keta, Coal Creek, hatcheries, hatchery salmonids, Miami River, Netarts Bay, statistics, Tillamook Bay, Whiskey Creek}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/zc77sq90w}, author = {James E. Lannan} } @mastersthesis {14976, title = {Genetics of the Pacific Oyster; Biological and Economic Implications}, year = {1973}, note = {Larval oysters reared in Yaquina Bay were cultured at Netarts Bay. Oysters were reared in trays. Netarts Bay, however, is not the subject of this dissertation: the heritability of traits and suggestions and cautions for improving oyster breeding are the subjects.}, month = {1973}, pages = {104 p}, school = {Oregon State University,}, type = {Doctoral dissertation}, edition = {Ph. D.}, chapter = {Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, Fisheries Science}, address = {Corvallis, Or.}, abstract = { Variance among individuals within populations are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Utilizing quantitative genetic theory, environmental and genetic components of variance have been compartmented for a variety of quantitative characters of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. A significant genetic component of variance in a quantitative attribute related to reproductive fitness implies that selection is being effected upon the system. In the present investigation, the variance of larval survival has been subjected to a genetic evaluation. A statistically significant genetic component of variance has been observed. It is concluded that under the conditions observed, genetic selection is inherent in hatchery operations directed toward the management of this species. The genetic implications of these selective practices are discussed in the text of this thesis. It is suggested that this method for the genetic evaluation of hatchery practices is applicableto other aquatic animals which are propagated in hatcheries. The genetic and environmental components of variance have been estimated for several other economically significant attributes of C. gigas. In every case, a significant genetic component of vanance was observed. Further compartmenting of the genetic variance into additive and non-additive genetic components revealed that a large non-additive component was present in every case observed. This is interpreted as being a consequence of introducing a wild animal into a selective, quasi-domestic culture situation. It is considered likely that after several generations of hatchery culture, selection plateaus will be attained and additive genetic variance will increase relative to other variance components. Based upon these observations, a method for selective breeding of oysters has been proposed. It is suggested that progeny testing is the breeding method best suited for the early stages of selective breeding with oysters and probably for aquaculture in general. Preliminary tests of this method suggest that significant economic gains may be realized through selective breeding of the Pacific oyster.}, keywords = {aquaculture, genetics, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, shellfish, theses}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/q811kn84d}, author = {Lannan, James E., Jr.} } @article {13186, title = {Clam-Abalone Spawning and Rearing Annual Report July 1, 1971 to June 30, 1972}, year = {1972}, month = {July_1971}, institution = {U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}, address = {Salem, Or.}, keywords = {algal species, Alsea Bay, aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vegetation, biological, bivalves, butter clam=Saxidomus giganteus, developmental stages, growth, Isochrysis species, life history information, molluscs, Monochrysis species, Netarts Bay, Pacific littleneck=Leukoma staminea, physiology, Red abalone=Haliotis rufescens, reproductive behavior, salinity, Salmon River Estuary, Tillamook Bay, water temperature, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/rr171z04d}, author = {Lukas, Gerald T. and Oregon. Fish Commission,} } @book {15066, title = {Supplement to the Fish and Wildlife Resources of the North Coast Basin, Oregon, and Their Water Requirements, April 1968}, year = {1972}, note = {The report reviews some recreational use and economic considerations of the Basin{\textquoteright}s fish and wildlife resources. It gives some 1970 data on Netats oyster and clam commerical landing and recreational fisheries data. Gives recommended minimum flows and streams that should be protected from gravel removal.}, month = {1972}, pages = {52 p}, publisher = {Oregon State Game Commission}, organization = {Oregon State Game Commission}, address = {Salem, Or.}, keywords = {fish, hydrology, Necanicum Bay, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, recreational fisheries, salmon, Sand Lake, streamflow, Tillamook Bay, water temperature, water use, Youngs Bay}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/x633f4560}, author = {Lannan, James E., Jr. and Smith, A.K. and Thompson, K.E.} } @article {15081, title = {Clam-Abalone Spawning and Rearing Annual Report July 1, 1971 to June 30, 1972}, year = {1971}, note = {"Laboratory studies during the 1971-72 project year consisted primarily of developing mass culture and planting techniques for Manila littleneck clams (Venerupis semidecussata). Field studies continued utilizing laboratory-reared juvenile Manilas... Adult red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) were obtained from California for spawning. Experiments were initiated for culturing diatoms in the laboratory as a primary source of food for juvenile abalone." (from the Introduction)}, month = {July_1971}, pages = {16 p.}, institution = {U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}, address = {Salem, OR}, keywords = {algal species, aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vegetation, biological, bivalves, butter clam=Saxidomus giganteus, developmental stages, growth, Isochrysis species, life history information, Littleneck clam = Leukoma staminea, molluscs, Monochrysis species, physiology, Red abalone = Haliotis rufescens, reproductive behavior, salinity, water temperature, Yaquina Bay}, url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/rr171z04d}, author = {Lukas, Gerald T. and Oregon. Fish Commission,} } @book {15331, title = {The Journals of Lewis and Clark}, year = {1953}, note = {There is no direct mention of Netarts in any of the chapters however there is historical information on the general area and culture. }, month = {1953}, publisher = {The Riverside Press}, organization = {The Riverside Press}, address = {Cambridge, Massachusetts}, keywords = {historical, Native Americans}, author = {Lewis, Meriwether and Clark, William}, editor = {DeVoto, Bernard} }