@article {83221,
	title = {Situation Analysis for Oregon{\textquoteright}s Emergent Seaweed Aquaculture Industry},
	year = {2023},
	note = {At present, seaweed aquaculture is an underdeveloped industry in Oregon. Pacific dulse is the only species cultivated today in the state. The industry has, however, great potential, and can provide significant ecological services by cleaning seawater and providing habitat for marine animals. There is potential for mitigating climate change by buffering acidic ocean water and sequestering carbon. It would be worthwhile to investigate possible products such as biofuels, fertilizer and animal feed. Possible negative impacts such as overharvesting of wild stock, lack of genetic diversity, and competition for nutrients should be explored, and a stronger regulatory environment is needed. This is a most interesting introduction to what could be a beneficial and profitable industry.},
	pages = {35 p.},
	institution = {The Nature Conservancy},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {algae, aquaculture, Bandon (Or.), Carbon sequestration, climate, environmental law and policy, Garibaldi (Or.), Newport (Or.), ocean acidification, Pacific dulse = Palmaria mollis, Port Orford (Or.), purple sea urchin = Strongylocentrotus purpuratus},
	url = {https://seagrant.oregonstate.edu/sites/seagrant.oregonstate.edu/files/orseaweedsituationanalysis_final.pdf},
	author = {Considine, Megan E. and Kirchner, Gway and Carter, Jena and Waters, Tiffany}
}
@article {82911,
	title = {Evidence for regional-scale controls on eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) and mesograzer community structure in upwelling-influenced estuaries},
	journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
	volume = {64},
	number = {3},
	year = {2019},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}In estuaries of the U.S. Pacific Northwest coast, eelgrass (Zostera marina ) ecosystems are exposed to latitudinally varying oceanographic inputs in the form of ocean upwelling. Previous research suggests that ocean upwelling is critical to eelgrass and ulvoid macroalgae abundance, but the degree to which secondary producers are controlled by processes at regional vs. local scales is unknown. Here, we consider the relationships among primary producers (eelgrass, ulvoid macroalgae, and epiphytic microalgae), epifaunal mesograzers, and mesopredator fish within and across three Oregon, U.S.A., estuaries during a spring{\textendash}summer season to examine the role of multiple scales in structuring these communities.{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract)  Suppplementary material in a separate file accompanies this article.},
	month = {2019, May},
	pages = {p.1120-1134},
	keywords = {algae, community ecology, Coos Bay, eelgrass = Zostera marina, eutrophication, fish, Grazing, Netarts Bay, primary production, Ulva spp., upwelling, Yaquina Bay},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11102 },
	author = {Hayduk, Jennifer L. and Hacker, Sally D. and Henderson, Jeremy S. and Tomas, Fiona}
}
@article {36481,
	title = {Upwelling-influence, macroalgal blooms, and seagrass production; temporal trends from latitudinal and local scales in northeast Pacific estuaries},
	journal = {Limnology and oceanography},
	volume = {58},
	number = {3},
	year = {2013},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}In coastal marine systems worldwide, land-based nutrient inputs are often correlated with blooms of macroalgae, which can negatively affect seagrass habitats. We used spatiotemporal trends in production to identify the role of marine-derived nutrients in mediating these interactions. Among ocean upwelling-influenced estuaries along the northeastern Pacific, we documented a negative correlation between annual production of ulvoid macroalgae and the seagrass, Zostera marina L., at a regional scale that included four estuaries along a 400 km distance. While macroalgal biomass was , 30 times greater in southern (Yaquina Bay and Coos Bay, Oregon) compared to northern (Willapa Bay, Washington, and Netarts Bay, Oregon) estuaries, no temporal patterns of eelgrass decline were observed within the estuaries over a 5 yr period{\textellipsis}{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract)},
	month = {2013, May},
	pages = {p,1103-1112},
	keywords = {algae, Coos Bay, eelgrass = Zostera marina, Netarts Bay, nitrogen, phosphorus, primary production, Ulva spp., upwelling, Willapa Bay, Yaquina Bay},
	doi = {doi:10.4319/lo.2013.58.3.1103},
	author = {Hessing-Lewis, Margot L. and Hacker, Sally D.}
}
@article {51391,
	title = {Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific},
	volume = {EPA/600/R/12/631},
	year = {2012},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}The Atlas of Nonindigenous Marine and Estuarine Species in the North Pacific {\textellipsis} provides maps of native and invaded ecoregions for all the reported marine/estuarine nonindigenous species (NIS) in the North Pacific, exclusive of marsh plants. Additionally, environmental and habitat information for each species is summarized in two-page species profiles, along with an analyses of the extent of invasion at the ecoregion and regional scales across the six North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) member countries (United States, Canada, Russia, Japan, Korea, and China). The information in the NIS Atlas is from the PICES Nonindigenous Species Information System.{\textquotedblright} (from publisher{\textquoteright}s website) {\textquotedblleft}With Contributions by Katie Marko, Emily Saarinen, Tad Larsen, Caroline Emch-Wei, Meredith Payne, and PICES WG21 members{\textquotedblright} (from title page)},
	pages = {1,943 p.},
	institution = {National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory. Office of Research and Development,},
	keywords = {algae, annelids, arthropods, bryozoans, ciliates, cnidarian, crustaceans, ctenophores, diatoms, dinoflagellates, echinoderms, fishes, flatworms, foraminifera, fungi, habitats, introduced species, life history information, molluscs, nematodes, Oregon, Pacific Northwest, polychaete worms, sponges, terrestrial vegetation, tunicates},
	url = {https://tinyurl.com/ywb357p2},
	author = {Lee II, Henry and Reusser, Deborah A.}
}
@article {37031,
	title = {Oregon{\textquoteright}s 2012 Integrated Report},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Website includes:  an assessment database with information on water quality for waters in Oregon (includes water quality limited waters and 303(d) list waters), the assessment methodology used to evaluate data, and a schedule to develop TMDLs for waters identified in the Section 303(d) list.},
	keywords = {algae, bacteria, dissolved oxygen, general, habitats, pH data, sediments, water pollution, water quality, water temperature},
	url = {https://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/rpt2012/search.asp},
	author = {Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality,}
}
@article {34601,
	title = {The Pacific oyster,<i> Crassostrea gigas</i>, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification effects},
	journal = {Limnology and oceanography},
	volume = {57},
	number = {no.3},
	year = {2012},
	note = {This article gives an excellent overview of the carbonate chemistry of Netarts Bay, and its environmental drivers. "We report results from an oyster hatchery on the Oregon coast, where intake waters experienced variable carbonate chemistry (aragonite saturation state < 0.8 to > 3.2; pH < 7.6 to > 8.2) in the early summer of 2009. Both larval production and midstage growth (~ 120 to ~ 150 {\textmu}m) of the oyster Crassostrea gigas were significantly negatively correlated with the aragonite saturation state of waters in which larval oysters were spawned and reared for the first 48 h of life. The effects of the initial spawning conditions did not have a significant effect on early-stage growth (growth from D-hinge stage to ~ 120 {\textmu}m), suggesting a delayed effect of water chemistry on larval development." (from the Abstract)},
	pages = {698-710},
	keywords = {algae, aquaculture, aquatic invertebrates, bivalves, calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide, climate change, molluscs, Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, upwelling, Whiskey Creek Hatchery},
	doi = {10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/j3860837q},
	author = {Barton, Alan and Hales, Burke and Waldbusser, George G. and Langdon, Christopher J. and Feelyd, Richard A.}
}
@mastersthesis {13516,
	title = {Eelgrass-Macroalgae Interactions : Context-Dependency in Upwelling-Influenced Estuaries},
	year = {2011},
	note = {"Throughout these studies I demonstrated that the mechanisms determining context-dependency in upwelling-influenced estuaries are informed by physical and biogeochemical conditions, coupled with high ambient marine-derived nutrient concentrations. These findings are important to coastal management because they suggest that the strength, direction and mechanisms of interactions are shaped by local abiotic conditions and long-term nutrient regimes, rather than high nutrient concentrations per se." (p.iii)},
	pages = {136 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Doctoral Dissertation},
	edition = {Ph. D.},
	chapter = {Dept. of Zoology},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {algae, Coos Bay, eelgrass = Zostera marina, Netarts Bay, nutrient cycles, South Slough (Coos Bay), spatial abundance, spatial distribution, species composition, temporal abundance, temporal distribution, theses, Ulva species, upwelling, Willapa Bay, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/mp48sg67r},
	author = {Hessing-Lewis, Margot}
}
@article {26816,
	title = {Oregon{\textquoteright}s 2010 Integrated Report},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Website includes:  an assessment database with information on water quality for waters in Oregon (includes water quality limited waters and 303(d) list waters), the assessment methodology used to evaluate data, and a schedule to develop TMDLs for waters identified in the Section 303(d) list.},
	keywords = {algae, bacteria, dissolved oxygen, general, habitats, pH data, sediments, water pollution, water quality, water temperature},
	url = {https://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/assessment/rpt2010/search.asp},
	author = {Oregon. Dept. of Environmental Quality,}
}
@article {14486,
	title = {Effects of physical gradients on the production dynamics of sediment-associated algae},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1983},
	note = {Measured sediment-associated microalgal biomass for a year at three sites in Netarts Bay, distinguished by sediment types of sand, fine sand and silt.  Tested to see if tidal height, sediment type and season were main controlling factors for microalgal primary production and found that the hypothesis was too simplistic to explain the results.  Suggest that chemical and biotic factors affect productivity.  Map, charts.},
	month = {1983},
	pages = {p.103-114},
	keywords = {algae, aquatic vegetation, primary production, sediments, tidal data},
	url = {https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/13/m013p103.pdf},
	author = {Davis, Michael W. and McIntire, C. David}
}
@article {14701,
	title = {Oregon Bay Clam Distribution, Abundance, Planting Sites and Effects of Harvest.  Annual Report.  October 1, 1977 to September 30, 1978},
	year = {1978},
	note = {"Studies were continued on the distribution and abundance of bay clams in Oregon{\textquoteright}sestuaries. f4aps showing distribution of cl ams, substrate type and vegetation type in Tillamook, INetarts and Salmon River estuaries are presented." (from the Introduction) The report also covers attempts to artifiially enhance natural production of clams, and examines the commercial clam fisheries in Yaquina and Coos Bays. Good maps.},
	month = {November_1978},
	pages = {70 p.},
	institution = {Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife},
	address = {[Portland, OR]},
	keywords = {algae, aquaculture, Baltic clam = Macoma balthica, Bay shrimp = Crangon franciscorum, Butter clam = Saxidomus giganteus, California softshell clam = Cryptomya californica, Cockle clam = Clinocardium nuttallii, commercial fisheries - shellfish, Coos Bay, crustaceans, eelgrass = Zostera marina, Fucus species, Gaper clam = Tresus capax, Ghost shrimp = Neotrypaea californiensis  (Callianassa californiensis), growth, Irus clam = Irus ishibashianus, Littleneck clam = Leukoma staminea, Manila clam = Venerupis japonica, molluscs, Mud shrimp = Upogebia pugettensis, Netarts Bay, Piddock clam = Penitella penita, recreational fisheries - shellfish, Salmon River Estuary, Sand clam = Macoma secta, sediments, Softshell clam = Mya arenaria, spatial distribution, Tillamook Bay, Ulva species: Enteromorpha species, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/6w924c49m},
	author = {Gaumer, Thomas F. and Robart, Gregory P. and Geiger, Anne and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and U.S.  National Marine Fisheries Service,}
}
@book {14871,
	title = {Preserve Analysis : Cape Lookout},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Good overall descriptions of ownership and boundary selection, general description of setting, geology, climate, soil, vegetation, education and scientific values },
	pages = {42 p.},
	publisher = {Oregon Natural Area Preserves Advisory Committee},
	organization = {Oregon Natural Area Preserves Advisory Committee},
	address = {Salem, Or.},
	keywords = {algae, aquatic invertebrates, birds, Cape Lookout State Park, general ecosystem description, geology, Netarts Spit, spatial distribution, species list, terrestrial vegetation},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/9c67wn65w},
	author = {Juday, Glenn Patrick}
}
@mastersthesis {15071,
	title = {A Taxonomic Study of the Marine Algae of Netarts Bay, Oregon},
	year = {1972},
	note = {Dichotomous key, original bw photographs of pressed specimens, microphotographs. Identified 78 species of algae.  "The rocky areas of the Bay . . . are the most heavily populated areas in terms of variety of species, with Laminaria, Sargassum, and Ulva along with several species of Gigartina being the dominants." (p.4)},
	pages = {70 p.},
	school = {Portland State University},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	edition = {M. S.},
	chapter = {Biology},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {algae, habitats, Netarts Bay, species list, theses},
	url = {https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/969/},
	author = {Kunert, Charles Jerome}
}
@article {76711,
	title = {Shellfish investigation : Jan. 1 - May 31, 1954},
	year = {1954},
	note = {This report covers a range of topics, including clam populations in Yaquina, Netarts and Tillamook bays, a Pacific oyster mortality event in Coos bay (with a hand-drawn map of Coos Bay), crab bait testing, and statistics about the Coquille River Crab Fishery. This report also covers an algacide toxicity test, preliminary work on a kelp survey, and water temperature data for Yaquina Bay in May and June of 1954.},
	month = {1954 Jan.-May},
	pages = {35 p.},
	keywords = {algae, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic vegetation, bivalves, clams, Coos Bay, Coquille Point, Coquille River estuary, crabs, Criteser{\textquoteright}s Moorage, crustacea, Dungeness crab = Metacarcinus magister (Cancer magister), Hinton Point, Idaho Flats, McLean Point, mollusks, Netarts Bay, Pacific oyster = Crassostrea gigas, Sally{\textquoteright}s Bend, Shell Point. Yaquina Bay, Tillamook Bay, toxicity, water temperature, Yaquina Bay Marina},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/kp78gh191},
	author = {Oregon. Fish Commission,}
}
