@article {83145,
	title = {Future Climate Projections. Tillamook County:  August 2022},
	year = {2022},
	note = {This is a report for the Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. In a complex environment, multiple factors influence the effects of climate change. Nevertheless, {\textquotedblleft}Climate change is expected to increase the occurrence of most climate---related risks considered in this report. The risks of heat waves are projected to increase with very high confidence due to strong evidence in published literature, model consensus, and robust theoretical principles for continued increasing temperatures.{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract)  },
	pages = {87 p.},
	institution = {Oregon State University. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {air temperature, climate, climate change, coastal hazards, depleted populations, economics, erosion, fish, floods, forest fires, human impact, hydrology, introduced species, Nehalem River, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, precipitation, Sand Lake, sea level, terrestrial vegetation, Tillamook Bay, water temperature, wetland delineation, wildlife},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/technical_reports/h128nn74w },
	author = {Dalton, Meghan and Fleishman, Erica and Bachelet, Dominique}
}
@article {83246,
	title = {Catastrophic beach sand losses due to erosion from predicted future sea level rise (0.5{\textendash}1.0 m), based on increasing submarine accommodation spaces in the high-wave-energy coast of the Pacific Northwest, Washington, Oregon, and Northern California, USA},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {439},
	number = {106555},
	year = {2021},
	note = {At some point in the next hundred years, long walks on a natural beach will be more of a fantasy than a reality. Areas in the inner continental shelf and in estuaries will become sand sinks, or holding areas for beach sand as sea level rise (SLR) covers beach sands. {\textquotedblleft}The existing subcell beach sand volumes and computed new beach sand supplies (rivers and longshore transport) were subtracted from the estimated sand volumes lost to submarine accommodation spaces to establish potential beach sand deficits from near-future SLR. Of the 26 surveyed active-beaches, some 60\% and 80\% (by length) are predicted to be lost, respectively, from the 0.5 m and 1.0 m SLR or equivalent littoral sand sedimentation in submarine accommodation spaces. Projected losses reach 90\% for all PNW beaches (~900 km total length) from 1.0 m SLR{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).},
	month = {2021, Sep.},
	keywords = {climate, coastal hazards, coastal processes, erosion, Littoral, Nehalem Bay, Netarts Bay, sea level, Tillamook Bay},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106555 },
	url = {https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/36497 },
	author = {Peterson, Curt D. and Pettit, Don J. and Kingen, Kara and Vanderburgh, Sandy and Rosenfeld, Chuck}
}
@booklet {83066,
	title = {Pacific Northwest Littoral Data},
	year = {2021},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}This document contains five data tables in PDF file formats, that are used to characterize littoral subcell (beach, river mouth, and inner-shelf) conditions in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region . . . These data have been compiled from pre-existing data sets . . . for the purposes of predicting possible beach erosion from potential future sea level rise (SLR) . . . The five data tables include Heavy-mineral tracers (Table 1), Heavy-mineral data (normalized) (Table 2), Subcell beach profile settings (Table 3), Subcell beach profile parameters (Table 4), and Subcell shelf profile parameters (Table 5){\textquotedblright} (p.1). The data supports the manuscript Peterson, C. D., Doyle, D. L., Rosenfeld, C. L., Kingen, K., (2020). Predicted Responses of Beaches, Bays, and Inner-Shelf Sand Supplies to Potential Sea Level Rise (0.5-1.0 m) in Three Small Littoral Subcells in the High-Wave-Energy Northern Oregon Coast, USA. Journal of Geography and Geology. v.12:.2. ( https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_fac/189/ )},
	chapter = {2021, Mar.},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Agate Beach, Alsea River, bathymetry, beach profiles, climate, Columbia River, Coos River, Coquille River, erosion, Florence, Or., heavy minerals, Lincoln City, Or., Nehalem River, Nestucca River, Netarts, Or., Newport, Or., Nye Beach, Otter Rock, Reedsport, Or., Rogue River, Salmon River, Sand Lake, sea level, Seal Rock, Siletz River, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, South Beach, Or., The Capes, Umpqua Jetty, Umpqua River, Whale Cove, Wilson River},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.15760/geology-data.01},
	url = {https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_data/1/ },
	author = {Peterson, Curt D. and Kingen, Kara E.P.},
	editor = {Portland State University. Geology Department}
}
@article {83064,
	title = {Predicted responses of beaches, bays, and inner-shelf sand supplies to potential sea level rise (0.5-1.0 m) in three small littoral subcells in the high-wave-energy northern Oregon coast, USA},
	journal = {Journal of Geography and Geology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {no.2},
	year = {2020},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}Three small subcells (Nehalem, Tillamook, and Netarts) totaling ~55 km shoreline length in the high-wave energy northern Oregon coast are evaluated for potential beach sand loss from sea level rise (SLR) of 0.5{\textendash}1.0 m during the next century{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).  It doesn{\textquoteright}t look good.  The authors propose that there is {\textquotedblleft}accommodation space{\textquotedblright} offshore where beach sand can go.  They point out that, {\textquotedblleft}The accommodation space approach used to predict beach sand volume loss from future SLR should have broad applicability in complex littoral systems worldwide{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract).  The data file accompanying this paper, Pacific Northwest Littoral Data (2021), may be found at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_data/1/  .},
	pages = {p.1-27},
	keywords = {bathymetry, beach profiles, Cannon Beach, Cape Falcon, Cape Lookout, Cape Meares, climate, erosion, heavy minerals, mathematical modeling, Nehalem Bay, Netarts Bay, sea level, Tillamook Bay},
	doi = {10.5539/jgg.v12n2p1  },
	url = {https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jgg/article/download/0/0/43637/45834 },
	author = {Peterson, Curt D. and Doyle, Debra L. and Rosenfeld, Charles L. and Kingen, Kara E. P.}
}
@article {82891,
	title = {Environmental and morphologic controls on wave-induced dune response},
	journal = {Geomorphology},
	volume = {329},
	year = {2019},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}Coastal erosion poses a major threat to coastal communities by limiting beach access, endangering backshore infrastructure, and impacting ecologically important environments. The preservation of coastal foredunes, features which provide the first line of defense for liiting backshore flooding is of particular interest as a valuable form of green infrastructure{\textellipsis}{\textquotedblright} (p.108) In this paper, the authors examine factors affecting dune growth and erosion. They compare three different sites on the Northwest Coast:  Oysterville, the Netarts Littoral Cell and South Beach. Field observations were supplemented with a modeling program, and the combination of the two has led to new insights.},
	month = {2019, Mar 15},
	pages = {p.108-128},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout, climate, coastal dunes, coastal hazards, erosion, mathematical modeling, Netarts Littoral Cell, Oysterville (Wa.), sea level, South Beach, wave height, Yaquina Bay},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.12.023 },
	author = {Cohn, Nicholas and Ruggiero, Peter and Garc{\'\i}a-Medina, Gabriel and Anderson, Dylan and Serafina, Katherine A. and Reuben Biel, Reuben}
}
@mastersthesis {82886,
	title = {From the Shoreface to the Foredunes : Coastal Morphodynamics Across the Land-Sea Interface},
	year = {2018},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}Coastal flooding and erosion are major concerns for low lying coastal communities{\textendash} particularly in light of accelerated sea level rise and climate change.  To improve quantitative understanding of the physical drivers of both flooding and coastal landscape change, this dissertation explores coastal morphodynamics bridging the land-sea interface on modally dissipative beaches throughout the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW).{\textquotedblright} (from the Abstract)  Although this doctoral dissertation focuses most intently on the Oysterville area, beaches at the Netarts Littoral Cell, Agate Beach and South Beach, Oregon and their erosional trends are also discussed.},
	pages = {159 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Doctoral dissertation},
	edition = {Ph. D.},
	chapter = {College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Geology},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Agate Beach, coastal dunes, coastal hazards, El Nino, erosion, geology, Long Beach (Wa.), Netarts Bay, Oysterville (Wa.), South Beach, wave height, weather},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/1n79h955b },
	author = {Cohn, Nicholas T.}
}
@article {76986,
	title = {Coastal Flood Hazard Study, Tillamook County, Oregon},
	volume = {no.47},
	year = {2015},
	note = {This is a technical document giving the factors and assumptions behind the flood hazard study. There are some colored maps and discussions of some sites, but it does not give the final maps.  {\textquotedblleft}The objective of the Tillamook County coastal flood hazard project is to develop a digital flood insurance rate map (DFIRM) and flood insurance study (FIS) report for Tillamook County, Oregon...{\textquotedblright} (p.1)},
	pages = {274 p.},
	keywords = {Bayocean Spit, Cape Meares, Cascade Head, climate, coastal hazards, erosion, flooding, geography, geology, Manzanita (Or.), Neskowin (Or.), Nestucca River estuary, Nestucca Spit, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, Oceanside (Or.), Pacific City (Or.), paleosciences, precipitation, Rockaway (Or.), Salmon River, Sand Lake, Tillamook Bay, Tillamook County (Or.)},
	url = {https://pubs.oregon.gov/dogami/sp/SP-47.pdf},
	author = {Allan, Jonathan C. and Ruggiero, Peter and Garcia, Gabriel and O{\textquoteright}Brien, Fletcher E. and Stimely, Laura L. and Roberts, Jed T.}
}
@article {76671,
	title = {Incorporating climate change and morphological uncertainty into coastal change hazard assessments},
	journal = {Natural Hazards},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}Documented and forecasted trends in rising sea levels and changes in storminess patterns have the potential to increase the frequency, magnitude, and spatial extent of coastal change hazards. To develop realistic adaptation strategies, coastal planners need information about coastal change hazards that recognizes the dynamic temporal and spatial scales of beach morphology, the climate controls on coastal change hazards, and the uncertainties surrounding the drivers and impacts of climate change. We present a probabilistic approach for quantifying and mapping coastal change hazards that incorporates the uncertainty associated with both climate change and morphological variability.{\textquotedblright}  Their study was based on Tillamook County littoral cells.},
	pages = {p. 2081{\textendash}2102},
	keywords = {climate change, coastal hazards, computer modeling, erosion, flooding, geology, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Sand Lake, sea levels, Tillamook Bay, Tillamook County (Or.), wave heights},
	doi = {10.1007/s11069-014-1417-8},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/ft848s22n},
	author = {Baron, Heather M. and Ruggiero, Peter and Wood, Nathan J. and Harris, Erica L. and Allan, Jonathan and Komar, Paul D. and Corcoran, Patrick}
}
@article {52416,
	title = {Adapting to climate change on the Oregon coast:  lines in the sand and rolling easements},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2013},
	note = {In this important article, the authors argue that Oregon should be working to strengthen its laws now in order to have the flexibility and legal framework to enable it to adapt to a changing climate and sea level rise.  {\textquotedblleft}Processes are needed to decide what infrastructure will be replaced and what will not before these inevitable events occur. . . .  Planning can ensure that shoreline armoring does not eliminate public access along the shore or total loss of sand on Oregon{\textquoteright}s beaches. Planning tools can make clear that the public access boundary does migrate inland, even if the shoreline migrates onto an inland parcel across which the public does not currently have access.{\textquotedblright} (p.514)},
	pages = {p.447-514},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Alsea Spit, beaches, Cape Lookout State Park, climate change, coastal hazards, environmental law and policy, environmental policy and law, erosion, flooding, Netarts Bay, New River, physical modifications, riprap, sand spits, shorelines, The Capes, Tillamook Bay, tsunamis, wave heights},
	url = {https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/17378},
	author = {Johnson, Courtney B. and Schell, Steven R.}
}
@article {54846,
	title = {Climate Change in the Northwest:  Implications for Our Landscapes, Waters, and Communities},
	year = {2013},
	note = {{\textquotedblleft}As an assessment, this report aims to be representative (though not exhaustive) of the key climate change issues as reflected in the growing body of Northwest climate change science, impacts, and adaptation literature available at this point in time.{\textquotedblright} ({\textquotedblleft}About This Report,{\textquotedblright} p.xiii)},
	pages = {230 p.},
	institution = {Island Pr.},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	keywords = {agriculture, climate change, coastal hazards, erosion, flooding, forestry, general, general ecosystem description, health, Native Americans, natural resources management, Oregon, precipitation, water temperature},
	url = {https://cig.uw.edu/projects/northwest-climate-assessment-report/},
	author = {Pacific Northwest Climate Impacts Research Consortium, and University of Washington. Climate Impacts Group, and United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Climate Observation. Climate Program Office,},
	editor = {Dalton, Meghan M. and Mote, Philip W. and Snover, Amy K.}
}
@article {52406,
	title = {Impacts of Predicted Global Sea-Level Rise on Oregon Beaches and Tidelands},
	volume = {Paper 45},
	year = {2013},
	note = {This report consists of two sections, one on the impact of climate change and its associated sea level rise on Oregon{\textquoteright}s beaches, and another on the impact on Oregon tidelands and estuaries. {\textquotedblleft}Two background sections on the expected impacts from predicted sea level rise on the Oregon coast were prepared for Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteleft}Coastal Climate Change Adaptation Project . . . . The two sections are developed for broad distribution to coastal residents, community leaders, government agencies, and other interested parties. The two non-technical sections use geometric or gradient change approaches to illustrate potential impacts of shoreline retreat and tideland submergence under conditions of accelerated global sea level rise, as predicted for the next century or two.{\textquotedblright} (from the Introduction)},
	pages = {19 p.},
	institution = {Portland State University. Dept. of Geology,},
	keywords = {beaches, climate change, earthquakes, erosion, estuaries, flooding, general, marshes, Oregon, salinity, sea level, subsidence, wetlands},
	url = {https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/geology_fac/45/},
	author = {Peterson, Curt D.}
}
@article {54621,
	title = {Oregon beach shoreline mapping and analysis program: quantifying short- to long-term beach and shoreline changes in the Gold Beach, Nesika Beach, and Netarts littoral cells, Curry and Tillamook counties, Oregon.},
	volume = {no.0-13-07},
	year = {2013},
	note = {This report provides a valuable look at contemporary erosion on selected locations on the Oregon coast.  The report for the Netarts littoral cell has ominous warnings. {\textquotedblleft}Unless conditions change soon, continued erosion along Netarts Spit will lead to spit breaching and could eventually impact bay hydrodynamics.{\textquotedblright} (p.40) The effects of the 2009-2010 El Ni{\~n}o are noted.},
	pages = {43 p.},
	institution = {Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. Coastal Field Office,},
	address = {Newport, Or.},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, El Nino, erosion, geology, Gold Beach, Happy Camp (Oregon), Nesika Beach, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, Oceanside (Oregon), paleosciences, sediments, The Capes},
	url = {https://library.state.or.us/repository/2013/201311071454424/index.pdf},
	author = {Allan, Jonathan C. and Stimely, Laura L. and Oregon Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries, Coastal Field Office,}
}
@inbook {36371,
	title = {U.S. Pacific Northwest coastal hazards:  tectonic and climate controls},
	booktitle = {Coastal Hazards},
	series = {Coastal Research Library},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2012},
	note = {This is a comprehensive, up-to-date and important discussion of coastal hazards. There{\textquoteright}s an excellent discussion of historic problems, a good look at current issues, and a chilling discussion of the implications of rising sea levels and climate change.  Charts, b+w and color photographs.  Anyone considering purchasing property at the coast should read this first.},
	publisher = {Springer Science Media},
	organization = {Springer Science Media},
	chapter = {Chapter 21},
	address = {Dordrecht Netherlands},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Alsea Spit, Bayocean Spit, Cape Lookout State Park, climate change, coastal hazards, Columbia River, dunes, earthquakes, El Nino, erosion, flooding, geology, Gleneden Beach, historical, jetties, Lincoln City (Or.), Lincoln City Littoral Cell, minerals, Neskowin (Or.), Nestucca River, Nestucca Spit, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, Newport (Or.), Pacific City (Or.), Rockaway (Or.), sea level, sediments, Siletz Bay, Siletz Spit, tidal data, Tillamook Bay, tsunamis, wave heights, Willapa Bay, Yaquina Bay},
	isbn = { 9789400752344},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-5234-4},
	author = {Komar, Paul D. and Allan, Jonathan C. and Ruggiero, Peter}
}
@mastersthesis {13506,
	title = {Coastal Hazards and Community Exposure in a Changing Climate:  The Development of Probabilistic Coastal Change Hazard Zones},
	year = {2011},
	note = {This thesis is an attempt to develop coastal change hazard zones for Tillamook County, Oregon. The county is naturally broken up into littoral cells: the Rockaway, Netarts, Sand Lake and Neskowin littoral cells are studied.  Two scenarios are given for 2009, 2030, 2050 and 2011.  Damage to coastal infrastructure, as well as possible breaching of estuarine barrier sandspits is covered. },
	pages = {84 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	edition = {M. S.},
	chapter = {College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Marine Resource Management Program},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Bayocean Spit, Bob Straub State Park, Cape Lookout State Park, climate, coastal dunes, coastal hazards, El Nino, erosion, landslides, Nehalem Bay, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, Sand Lake, theses, Tillamook Bay, wave height},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/xs55mg08x},
	author = {Baron, Heather M.}
}
@proceedings {13541,
	title = {{\textquotedblleft}Design with Nature{\textquotedblright} strategies for shore protection: the construction of a cobble berm and artificial dune in an Oregon state park},
	volume = {no. 2010-5254},
	year = {2010},
	note = {In 1999, after a protective dune ridge eroded away, Cape Lookout State Park experienced significant erosion following a severe winter storm. "It was apparent that some form of shore protection was needed, but it was decided that a conventional riprap revetment or seawall would be incompatible with this natural park setting. Instead, the decision was to construct a cobble berm that is effectively the same in appearance and in its dynamics to a natural cobble beach, backed by an artificial dune that is reinforced by a core of sand-filled geotextile bags." (from the Introduction) This report describes the successes and limitations of this form of coastal erosion control.  The full conference proceedings may be found at:  http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5254/pdf/sir20105254.pdf},
	pages = {p.117-126},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout State Park, coastal dunes, coastal hazards, erosion, geology, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit},
	url = {https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5254/pdf/sir20105254_chap12.pdf},
	author = {Komar, Paul D. and Allan, Jonathan C.},
	editor = {Shipman, Hugh and Dethier, Megan N. and Gelfenbaum, Guy and Fresh, Kurt L. and Dinicola, Richard S.}
}
@inbook {51326,
	title = {Impacts of climate change on Oregon{\textquoteright}s coasts and estuaries},
	booktitle = {Oregon Climate Assessment Report},
	year = {2010},
	note = {This is Chapter 6 of the Oregon Climate Assessment Report. Predicts {\textquotedblleft}Increased winter{\textendash}early spring flow of coastal rivers and creeks and reduced flow during summer{\textquotedblright} for the Umpqua River (p.242)},
	pages = {p.211-268},
	publisher = {Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute,},
	organization = {Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. Oregon Climate Change Research Institute,},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Alsea Spit, bacteria, Bayocean Spit, climate change, climate precipitation, coastal hazards, Columbia River estuary, Coos Bay, dissolved oxygen, El Nino, erosion, estuaries, geology, landslides, Nehalem Bay, Nehalem Spit, Neskowin (Or.), Netarts Bay, ocean acidification, Rockaway Beach, salinity, Salmon River Estuary, sea level, Siletz Bay, Tillamook Bay, water temperature, wave heights, Yachats River, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl\%3A637577},
	author = {Ruggiero, Peter and Brown, Cheryl A. and Komar, Paul D. and Allan, Jonathan C. and Reusser, Deborah A. and Lee II, Henry},
	editor = {Dello, Kathie and Mote, Philip W.}
}
@inbook {13581,
	title = {Coastal geomorphology, hazards, and management issues along the Pacific Northwest coast of Oregon and Washington},
	booktitle = {Volcanoes to vineyards : geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest},
	volume = {no.15},
	year = {2009},
	note = {One stop (Stop 4)  on this tour is Cape Lookout State Park, where the increase in storm intensitites and wave heights and major El Ninos have caused the erosion of Netarts Spit. Revetment at Cape Lookout is discussed, as are erosion issues for the area around it.  The authors feel that a breach of the Netarts Spit is likely in the next decade. A copy of this article is available from the authors via ResearchGate.},
	pages = {p.495-519},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout State Park, El Nino, erosion, geological, landslides, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, sediments, tsunamis},
	doi = {10.1130/2009.fld015(24)},
	author = {Allan, Jonathan C. and Witter, Robert C. and Ruggiero, Peter and Hawkes, Andrea D.}
}
@article {26636,
	title = {The Coastal Connection: Assessing Oregon Estuaries for Conservation Planning},
	year = {2008},
	note = {A good overview of the concepts used for evaluating the health of estuaries in Oregon. Identifies data sources, standards.  Good bibliography.},
	month = {2008. Apr.},
	pages = {48 p.},
	institution = {The Nature Conservancy in Oregon},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay, Beaver Creek, Chetco River, coastal hazards, Coos Bay, Coquille River, Depoe Bay, eelgrass = Zostera marina, erosion, general ecosystem description, habitats, hydrology, introduced species, landslides, marshes, Necanicum River, Nehalem River, Nestucca Bay, Netarts Bay, Rogue River, salinity, Salmon River Estuary, Sand Lake, sediments, Siletz Bay, Siltcoos Creek, Siuslaw River, Sixes River, Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Tillamook Bay, water quality, Yachats River, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/docs/conservation_planning_1110/TNC_report.pdf},
	author = {Aldous, Allison and Brown, Jenny and Elseroad, Adrien and The Nature Conservancy in Oregon}
}
@proceedings {13631,
	title = {Profile dynamics and particle tracer mobility of a cobble berm constructed on the Oregon Coast},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {In response to significant erosion at Cape Lookout State Park (southern end of Netarts Spit), a cobble beach was built to see how this construction compared to conventional rip-rap.  Used particle tags to trace cobble movements. The cobbles have shifted, and the dune in back of the gravel was overtopped once by the sea, but the structure has been relatively stable. It would need occasional "topping-off" to stay functional. Charts, bw photographs. Can be found online in ASCE Library.},
	pages = {p.449-462},
	publisher = {American Society of Civil Engineers,},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout State Park, erosion, erosion data, Netarts Spit, sediments},
	author = {Allan, Jonathan C. and Hart, Roger},
	editor = {Kraus, Nicholas C. and Rosati, Julie Dean}
}
@article {13676,
	title = {Netarts Littoral Cell Hazards Management Plan; 2005},
	year = {2005},
	institution = {Netarts Littoral Cell Advisory Committee},
	address = {[Oregon?]},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, erosion, flooding, landslides},
	author = {Tillamook County (Or.). Dept. of Community Development, and Netarts Littoral Cell Advisory Committee (Or.), and Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program and Oregon. State Parks and Recreation Division, and Oregon. Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries, and Oregon. Dept. of Land Conservation and Development,}
}
@article {13706,
	title = {Coast hazards and management issues on the Oregon Coast: coastal workshop, Lincoln City, Oregon, field trip to the Oregon Coast},
	volume = {no. O-04-18},
	year = {2004},
	note = {CD-ROM.  On the Netarts Littoral cell, from Neskowin to the cobble revetment put in at Cape Lookout State Park to prevent erosion in El Nino years.},
	month = {2004},
	institution = {State of Oregon, Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries},
	address = {[Portland, Or.] :},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout State Park, coastal hazards, coastal processes, erosion, geology, Netarts Sand Spit},
	url = {https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/O-04-18.pdf},
	author = {Allan, Jonathan C. and Komar, Paul D. and Priest, George R.}
}
@article {13756,
	title = {An application of LIDAR to analyses of El Nino erosion in the Netarts Llttoral cell, Oregon},
	volume = {18},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {"El Nino produces coastal and beach erosion along the West Coast of the USA by elevating mean water levels so that tides are significantly higher than predicted, and by altering the paths of storms that generate large waves." (from the Abstract) Study used LIDAR to document shoreline changes in the Netarts littoral cell that took place during the 1997-98 El Nino.},
	pages = {p.792-801},
	abstract = {El Nino produces coastal and beach erosion along the West Coast of the USA by elevating mean water levels so that tides are significantly higher than predicted, and by altering the paths of storms that generate large waves. In the past it has been difficult to adequately document the erosion impacts since they are so widespread. This difficulty has been solved through the application of LIDAR, which uses a scanning laser mounted in a small aircraft to rapidly and accurately survey beach elevations. This study uses LIDAR to document the beach changes and shoreline erosion that occurred during the 1997-98 El Nino within the Netarts Littoral Cell on the Oregon coast, a 14-km long "pocket beach" between large rocky headlands. The LIDAR surveys demonstrate that sand generally migrated northward within the cell due to the southwest approach of the El Nino storm waves, but there was a complex pattern of beach-elevation change due to the superposition of eroded rip-current embayments. The greatest beach erosion occurred near the south end of the cell, where it impacted Cape Lookout State Park, and to the north of the inlet to Netarts Bay where it threatened The Capes, a development of condominiums located on a high bluff. In both cases the LIDAR data proved to be extremely useful in quantifying the erosion, and in providing a better understanding of the erosion processes that occur during an El Nino.},
	keywords = {coastal processes, erosion, geology},
	author = {Revell, David L. and Komar, Paul D. and Sallenger, Asbury H.}
}
@proceedings {13761,
	title = {An application of LIDAR to multiple scales of shoreline change in Oregon},
	year = {2002},
	note = {The author shows how LIDAR can be used to analyze shoreline changes. Examples are the Netarts and Bandon littoral cells.},
	pages = {p.596-610},
	publisher = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	keywords = {Cape Lookoout, Cape Lookout State Park, coastal hazards, coastal processes, erosion, Netarts Spit, The Capes},
	author = {Revell, David L. and Marra, John}
}
@proceedings {13786,
	title = {An application of LIDAR to erosion hotspots in the Netarts littoral cell, Oregon},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Unpaginated paper (from CD).  Hotspots examined include: Cape Lookout State Park, Netarts Bay Spit, the tidal inlet, and The Capes development.},
	month = {January 8-11, 20},
	pages = {17 p.},
	publisher = {NOAA Coastal Services Center},
	address = {Charleston, SC},
	keywords = {Cape Lookoout, Cape Lookout State Park, Cape Meares, coastal processes, El Nino, erosion, Netarts Spit, The Capes},
	url = {https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/5293706/FID261/pdf_files/fin_abs/revell_f.pdf},
	author = {Revell, David L. and Komar, Paul D. and Sallenger, A.}
}
@mastersthesis {13816,
	title = {A Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing to Support Community-Based Coastal Hazards Planning in the Netarts Littoral Cell, Oregon},
	year = {2000},
	note = {The Netarts littoral cell is a 14 kilometer-long section of beach between Cape Lookout and Cape Meares.  This area experienced significant erosion during the 1997-98 El Nino and the 1998-99 La Nina, including the notorious "The Capes" landslide. This report, written in fulfillment for a Masters Degree in Marine Resource Management, documents one product of a demonstration project that emerged from the erosion events.  Charts, maps, aerial photographs, PowerPoint slides.},
	month = {2000},
	pages = {96 p.},
	school = {Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Marine Resource Management Program},
	type = {Masters Thesis},
	edition = {M. S.},
	chapter = {Oregon State University. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences. Marine Resource Management Program},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	abstract = {The 14-km long Netarts Littoral Cell, located on the northern Oregon coast, experienced episodic erosion as a result of the severe 1997-98 El Nino and 1998-99 La Nina. The erosion events led to the development of a unique partnership bridging scientists, stakeholders, and various planning agencies. To address these erosion issues, a regional demonstration project for littoral cell hazard planning was undertaken. To support the planning efforts a GIS inventory was created to spatially examine erosion hotspots and aid stakeholders in planning for future chronic and catastrophic erosion events. The GIS combines a physical, cultural, and hazards inventory, a shoreline change analysis, and coastal hazard risk assessment into a decision support tool to facilitate coastal hazards management. Shoreline change analysis examined historical aerial photos and new LIDAR remote sensing technologies, with results showing multiple scale patterns of erosion and accretion that have significant implications to both science and management. Hazard risk zones were generated using predictive erosion models and geological observations. The GIS and decision support system facilitates the examination of hazards to develop avoidance strategies. Through spatial queries, decision-makers can examine various data layers to guide future oceanfront development and redevelopment. The development of this GIS in conjunction with a stakeholder process facilitates community involvement from GIS design through implementation of identified hazard management recommendations. Implementing mechanisms will occur through adoption of local land use policies and changes to park master plans. The interdisciplinary nature of this project allows for the range of stakeholder opinions, thus creating a unique opportunity to address coastal hazards at a regional scale, the same scale at which coastal erosion processes operate.},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, coastal processes, erosion, geographic information system, theses},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_projects/tt44pr85r},
	author = {Revell, David L.}
}
@proceedings {13831,
	title = {Using GIS to facilitate stakeholder participation in hazards planning, Netarts littoral cell, Oregon},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {p.,257-363},
	publisher = {The Coastal Society},
	address = {Portland, Oregon},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, erosion, flooding, landslides},
	author = {Revell, David L.},
	editor = {Jodice, Laura W. and Gupta, Anu and Boyles, Robert.}
}
@article {13846,
	title = {El Ni{\~n}o and La Ni{\~n}a - Erosion Impacts along the Oregon Coast},
	year = {1999},
	note = {Details how El Nino and La Nina events affect erosion on the Oregon Coast. Extreme tides, storms, dune erosion covered. Maps, photographs.},
	pages = {40 p.},
	address = {Salem, Or},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay Spit, Cape Lookout State Park, coastal hazards, erosion, landslides, Oceanside Littoral Cell, Port Orford, The Capes [development]},
	url = {https://library.state.or.us/repository/2010/201006171243464/},
	author = {Komar, Paul D. and D{\'\i}az-M{\'e}ndez, Guillermo and Marra, John J.}
}
@article {13861,
	title = {The 1997-98 El Nino and erosion on the Oregon coast},
	volume = {66},
	number = {3},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cape Lookout State Park on Netarts Spit is one of four erosion hot spots mentioned in this article (the others are Port Orford, The Capes development near Netarts Bay, and Alsea Spit).},
	pages = {33-41},
	abstract = {We first became aware of the importance of El Nino to coastal erosion in the Pacific Northwest - the shores of Oregon and Washington - during the extreme 1982-83 event. The realization that El Nino can bring havoc to our coast has been strongly reinforced by the 1997-98 occurrence. Beach and property erosion has been severe at a number of sites along the Oregon coast, recurring in areas that previously had suffered during the 1982-83 El Nino. The objective of this paper is to briefly examine the coastal processes enhanced by El Nino that are important in producing erosion along the Oregon coast. While measurements during the ongoing El Nino are still being collected and analyzed, it is evident that the processes are remarkably similar to those experienced during 1982-83. The main focus of this paper will be a description of the erosional "hot spots" experienced during the 1997-98 El Nino along the Oregon coast. The examples presented will serve to illustrate how El Nino processes combine to yield unusually severe beach erosion and property losses.},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout State Park, El Nino, erosion, wave data, wave height},
	author = {Komar, Paul D.}
}
@article {36606,
	title = {1994 Proposed Coastal Barrier Resources System Maps [cartographic resource] : State of Oregon},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Coastal barriers are landforms that protect mainlands and aquatic habitats against the worst effects of coastal storms.  Coastal barriers include estuaries, inlets, marshes, wetlands and nearshore waters and can include islands, sandspits, sandbars and broad beaches.  The protective value of these landforms can be degraded by development.  In 1994, a proposal was made to expand the Coastal Barrier Resources System to include the West Coast of the United States.  These maps were drafted to show areas that should be protected.  The proposed expansion, however, did not take place.  Nevertheless, the maps have value in showing what should not be developed. },
	pages = {31 p.},
	institution = {U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1},
	address = {Portland, Or.},
	keywords = {Bayocean Peninsula, Clatsop Spit, coastal hazards, Coos Bay, Ecola Creek, Elk River, erosion, flooding, maps, Necanicum River estuary, Nehalem River estuary, Nestucca Bay, Nestucca Spit, Netarts Bay, Netarts Spit, New River, Salishan Spit, Salmon River Estuary, Sand Lake, Siletz Bay, Sixes River, Tillamook Bay, Umpqua River estuary, Yaquina Bay},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/6q182q79q},
	author = {United States. Fish and Wildlife Service,}
}
@book {14016,
	title = {Improving natural hazards management on the Oregon coast},
	series = {ORESU-T},
	volume = {no.94-002},
	year = {1994},
	note = {This report addresses 23 issues, organized in four categories: hazard identification, beach and shore protection, land use, and disaster preparedness and response. The group makes 79 recommendations and suggests those actions and agencies, organizations, or institutions that could best implement each recommendation.},
	pages = {162 p},
	publisher = {Oregon Sea Grant. Oregon State University,},
	organization = {Oregon Sea Grant. Oregon State University,},
	address = {Corvallis, OR},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, coastal processes, earthquakes, environmental policy and law, erosion, geology, land use, landslides, tsunamis},
	url = {http://library.state.or.us/repository/2012/201204021625351/},
	author = {Coastal Natural Hazards Policy Working Group, and U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Oregon State University. Sea Grant College Program and Oregon. Legislative Assembly,}
}
@book {14096,
	title = {Coastal Natural Hazards: Science, Engineering, and Public Policy},
	series = {ORESU-B},
	volume = {no.92-001},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {162 p},
	publisher = {Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University},
	organization = {Oregon Sea Grant, Oregon State University},
	address = {Corvallis, OR},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, coastal processes, earthquakes, environmental policy and law, erosion, landslides, tsunamis},
	author = {Good, James W. and Ridlington, Sandy S.}
}
@article {14211,
	title = {Erosion of Netarts Spit, Oregon: continued impacts of the 1982-83 El Nino},
	volume = {57},
	number = {no.1},
	year = {1989},
	month = {1989},
	pages = {p.11-19},
	keywords = {coastal processes, erosion, erosion data, Netarts Spit},
	author = {Komar, Paul D. and Good, James W. and Shyuer-Ming, S.}
}
@proceedings {14221,
	title = {Long-term erosion impacts of the 1982-83 El Nino on the Oregon Coast.},
	volume = {v.4},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Details effects of the 1982-83 El Nino, particularly on the Alsea and Netarts sand spits, areas where the erosion was most severe.},
	pages = {p.3785-3794},
	publisher = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
	address = {Charleston, S.C.},
	keywords = {Alsea Bay Spit, climate, coastal hazards, El Nino, erosion, Netarts Spit},
	author = {Komar, Paul D. and Good, James W.}
}
@article {14721,
	title = {Oregon{\textquoteright}s statewide assessment of nonpoint source problems},
	year = {1978},
	note = {7 statewide map packets},
	institution = {[Oregon Department of Environmental Quality]},
	keywords = {aquatic vegetation, erosion, general, map, sediment data, water pollution, water temperature data, water use},
	author = {Oregon. Department of Environmental Quality,},
	editor = {Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, and Rickert, David A.}
}
@mastersthesis {14876,
	title = {Shoreline Changes and Physiographic Hazards on the Oregon Coast},
	year = {1975},
	note = {Comprehensive overview of coastal hazards in 1975. Maps, photographs. History of erosion on the "Netarts Segment" (Cape Meares to Cape Lookout) given.},
	pages = {201 p.},
	school = {University of Oregon},
	type = {Doctoral dissertation},
	edition = {Ph. D.},
	chapter = {Dept. of Geography},
	address = {Eugene, Or.},
	keywords = {Cape Lookout State Park, coastal hazards, earthquakes, erosion, geological, Happy Camp, landslides, Netarts Spit, sediments, theses},
	author = {Stembridge, James Edward, Jr.}
}
@article {14931,
	title = {Geologic hazards inventory of the Oregon coastal zone},
	volume = {no.17},
	year = {1974},
	pages = {103 p.},
	institution = {[Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries]},
	address = {Portland, OR},
	keywords = {coastal hazards, earthquakes, environmental policy and law, erosion, flooding, general, hydrology, land use, landslides, physical, sediments, tsunamis},
	url = {https://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/mp/MP-17.pdf},
	author = {Beaulieu, John D. and Hughes, Paul W. and Mathiot, R. Kent and Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries,}
}
@article {52056,
	title = {A compilation of flood abatement projects in Oregon},
	volume = {no. 11},
	year = {1971},
	note = {This is a broad-brush look at flooding issues in Oregon.  The entire state is covered. A table lists flood damages from 1955-1969. Existing flood control projects for each region are listed. Maps show flood-prone areas. },
	pages = {122 p.},
	institution = {Oregon State University. Water Resources Research Institute},
	address = {Corvallis, Or.},
	keywords = {Alsea River, Beaver Creek, Blachly (Or.), climate, coastal hazards, Deadman Creek, Depot Slough, erosion, flooding, floods, Indian Creek, Lake Creek, Mapleton (Or.), North Fork Siuslaw River, Olalla Slough, Oregon, Otis (Or.), precipitation, Salmon River, Siletz (Or.), Siletz River, Siuslaw River, Toledo (Or.), Walton (Or.), Wildcat Creek, Yaquina River},
	url = {https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/fj2366569},
	author = {Emmer, Rod E. and Muckleston, Keith W.}
}
